Volume-8 , Issue-9 , Sep 2022, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Dynamical Modes in Liquid Mercury along Liquid-Vapour Curve

  Grima Dhingra

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.1-5, Sep-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Detailed dynamical structure factors, for liquid Hg in vast temperature and pressure range, has been computed using modified microscopic theory. Three samples of liquid Hg at T=1273K, 1673K and 1803K, corresponding to densities 10.98 g/cc, 9.25g/cc and 6.8g/cc, have been considered for theoretical investigation. Computed results are compared with another available reported theoretical data as obtained from molecular dynamics simulation. Results from two different theoretical approaches are evidently in good agreement with each other. Other related physical quantities, collective mode frequencies and velocity of sound, as calculated using dynamical structure factors have also been reported.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Modified Microscopic theory, dynamical structure factor, Equilibrium Dynamics, Diffusion coefficient

  References
  [1] L. van Hove, “correlations in Space and Time and Born Approximation Scattering in Systems of Interacting Particles”, Phys. Rev., Vol.95, pp.249-262,1954.
  [2] D. Ishikawa, M. Inui, K. Matsuda, K. Tamura, A.Q.R. Baron, S. Tsutsui, Y. Tanaka and T. Ishikawa, ”Collective dynamics in dense Hg vapour”, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, vol.16, pp.L45-L50 2004.
  [3] S. Hosokawa, H. sinn, F. Hensel, A. Alatas, E.E. Alp and W.C. pilgrim, “Collective dynamics of liquid Hg investigated by inelastic X-ray scattering”, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 312-314, pp.163-167 2002.
  [4] S. Hosokawa, H. sinn, F. Hensel, A. Alatas, E.E. Alp and W.C. pilgrim, “Short-wavelength collective excitation in liquid mercury investigated by inelastic x-ray scattering”, Appl. Phys. A, vol.74, pp. S1648-S1650 2002.
  [5] D. Ishikawa, M. Inui, K. Matsuda, K. Tamura, S. Tsutsui and A.Q.R. Baron, “Fast Sound in Expanded Fluid Hg Accompanying the Metal-Nonmetal Transition”, Phys Rev. Letters, vol. 93, pp. 097801-1-4 2004.
  [6] Yaspal S. Badyal, Ubaldo Bafile, Kunimasa Miyazaki, Ignatz M. de Schepper, and Wouter Montfrooij, “Cage diffusion in liquid mercury”, Phys. Rev. E, vol.68, pp. 061208-1-7 2003.
  [7] L.E. Bove, F. Sacchetti, C. Petrillo, B. Dorner, F. Formisano, M. Sampoli and F. barocchi, “Dynamic structure factor liquid mercury”, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, vol. 307-310, 842-847, 2002.
  [8] G. Toth, “An iterative scheme to derive pair potentials from structure factors and its application to liquid mercury”, J. Chem. Phys., vol.118, pp.3949-3955, 2003.
  [9] S. Munejiri, F. Shimojo and K. Hoshino, ”The density dependence of the velocity of sound in expended liquid mercury studied by means of a large-scale molecular-dynamics simulation”, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, vol.10, pp.4963-4974, 1998.
  [10] J.R. Franz, ”Metal-Nonmetal Transition in Expanded Liquid Mercury”, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 57, pp. 889-892, 1986.
  [11] G. Kresse and J. Hafner,”Ab initio simulation of the metal/nonmetal transition in expanded fluid mercury”, Phys. Rev. B, vol.55, pp.7539-7548, 1997.
  [12] H. Kitamura,”The role of attractive many-body interaction in the gas-liquid transition of mercury”, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, vol.19, pp.072102-1-7 2007.
  [13] J. Hubbard and J. L. Beeby, “Collective Motion In Liquids”, J. Phys. C, vol.2, pp. 556, 1969.
  [14] S. P. Tewari and Surya P. Tewari, “Theory of Collective Motion in Liquids”, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys., vol.8, pp.L569-L572, 1975.
  [15] S.P. Tewari, Surya P. Tewari and R. Gupta, “Dynamics of a Supercooled Liquid”, Solid State Comm., vol.27, pp.1385-1387, 1978.
  [16] S.P. Tewari and Surya P. Tewari, “Zero Frequency Dynamical Structure Factor of Liquids” Phys. Lett. A, vol. 56, pp. 99-100, 1976.
  [17] S.P. Tewari and Surya P. Tewari, “Theory of Long Wavelength Collective Motion in Liquids”, Phys. Lett. A, vol. 65, pp. 241-243, 1978
  [18] S.P. Tewari, and Jyoti Sood, “Collective dynamics of liquid Al”, Modern Phys. Letters B, vol.18, pp. 811-816, 2004.
  [19] S.P. Tewari, G. Dhingra, P. Silotia, “Collective dynamics of a nanofluid: Fullerene C60”, Int. J .Mod. Phys. B, vol.24, pp.4281-4292, 2010.
  [20] S.P. Tewari, G. Dhingra, P. Silotia, Jyoti Sood,”Theory of collective dynamics of liquid polyvalent metal: Hg”, Phys. Letters A, vol.368, pp.412-418, 2007.
  [21] S. P. Tewari, G. Dhingra, J. Sood and P. Silotia, “ Microdynamics of a monoatomic liquid metal”, J. Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.355, pp.2522-2527 2009.
  [22] S. P. Tewari, G. Dhingra, J. Sood and P. Silotia, “ Pronounced variation in the collective dynamics of highly correlated lightest liquid alkali metal: Lithium”, J. Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.357, pp.3702-3710 2011.
  [23] S. P. Tewari, P. Silotia, G. Dhingra, P. Tandon and J. Sood,”Coherent dynamics of molten potassium”, AIP Conference Proceedings, vol.1731, pp.110018-1-3, 2016.
  [24] G. Dhingra, ”Microscopic Transport Phenomena in a liquid Alkali Metal: K39”, Int. J. Sci. Res. in Phys. and Appl. Sci., vol.7(1), pp.56-59, 2019. S. P. Tewari, G. Dhingra, J. Sood and P. Silotia, “Theory of collective motion of interacting gas of polyvalent Hg atoms at 3.0, 6.3 and 9.0 particles per nm3”, J. Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.354, pp.3078-3084, 2008.
  [25] M. Inui, X. Hong, K. Tamura, “Local structure of expanded fluid mercury using synchrotron radiation: From liquid to dense vapor”, Phys. Rev. B, vol. 68, pp. 094108-1-9 2003.

  Citation
  Grima Dhingra, "Dynamical Modes in Liquid Mercury along Liquid-Vapour Curve," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.1-5, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Effect of Public Debt Portfolio on Economic Growth in Kenya

  H.K. Isabwa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.6-12, Sep-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Public debt plays a critical role in any country`s financial system. Public debt is used to finance both huge infrastructure development projects and it helps to bridge fiscal deficits of a country. In Kenya, high levels of external debt pose a great challenge on the economy because a large proportion of exports revenue is devoted to servicing these debts instead of being put into domestic investment thus it contributes to a reduction in the prospects of economic growth. The current study sought to determine the effect of public debt portfolio on economic growth in Kenya. The study adopted both a positivism research philosophy and an ex-post facto research design. The secondary data was for the period between 2014/15 and 2020/21. The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. STATA version 17.0 aided in data analysis. Regression results revealed that internal debt had a significant negative effect on Gross Domestic Product while external debt had also a significant negative effect on Gross Domestic Product. The study concluded that public debt portfolio has a significant effect on economic growth in Kenya. Both internal debt and external debt have a significant negative effect on Gross Domestic Product. The study recommended that there should be a separation of debt management and monetary policy objectives and accountabilities. Debt management, fiscal and monetary authorities should share information on the government`s current and future liquidity needs. The government should publish regularly information on the stock and composition of its debt and financial assets which include their currency, maturity, and interest rate structure.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Public Debt Portfolio, Economic Growth, GDP, Kenya

  References
  [1]. J.B. DeLong, L.H. Summers, M. Feldstein, V.A. Ramey, “Fiscal policy in a depressed economy.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, pp. 233-297, 2012.
  [2]. C.M. Reinhar, K.S. Rogoff, “Growth in a time of debt.” American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, Vol.100, Issue.1, pp.573-578, 2019.
  [3]. B.K. Kuria, “The impact of external debt on economic growth. An empirical Investigation for Kenya.” Journal of Management, Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 107-113, 2021.
  [4]. A. Maji, E.B. Okon, C.O. Denies, “The relative potency of external and domestic debts on economic performance in Nigeria.” European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol. 27, Issue. 1, pp.1415-1429, 2013.
  [5]. M.S. Kumar, W. Jaejoon, “Public debt and growth.” IMF Working Papers, 10/174, International Monetary Fund, 2017.
  [6]. R.M. Muinga, “External public debt and economic growth in Kenya.” Journal of Finance, Vol. 3, Issue. 2, pp. 870-877, 2020.
  [7]. F, Balassone, M. Francese, A. Pace, “Public debt and economic growth in Italy,” Economic History Working Papers, 1,1, 2021.
  [8]. J. Weeks, “Latin America and the high performing Asian economies: growth and debt.” Journal of International Development, Vol.12, Issue. 5, pp. 625?654, 2018.
  [9]. A. Schclarek, “Debt and economic growth in developing industrial Countries,” Academy of Management Review, Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 779-785, 2014.
  [10]. U. Panizza, F.P. Andrea, “Public debt and economic growth: Is there a causal effect,” British Journal of Management, Vol. 5, Issue. 1, pp. 255-262, 2015.
  [11]. O.O. Ochiel, “The relationship between public debt and economic growth in Kenya.” Journal of International Management, Vol. 4, Issue. 2, pp. 55-63, 2013.
  [12]. G.K. Mukui, “Effect of external public debt on economic growth in Kenya.” Academy of Management Review, Vol. 5, Issue.2, pp. 333-340, 2013.
  [13]. A. Muhdi, K. Sasaki, “Roles of external and domestic debt in economy: analysis of a macro-econometric model for Indonesia.” Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Vol. 15, Issue. 2, pp. 251-265, 2022.
  [14]. M. Moki, “An analysis of the relationship between public debt and economic growth in Africa.” International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 4, Issue. 1, pp. 1014-1020, 2020.
  [15]. D.W. Elmendorf, G.N. Mankiw, “Government debt.” North Holland, Massachusetts, 2022.
  [16]. A.M. El-Mahdy, N.M. Torayeh, “Debt sustainability and economic growth in Egypt.” International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies, Vol.6, Issue.1, pp. 25-55, 2019.
  [17]. R.T. Cunningham, “The effects of debt burden on economic growth in heavily indebted developing countries.” Journal of Economic Development, Vol. 18, Issue. 1, pp. 115-126, 2013.
  [18]. D. Cohen, “Growth and external debt: a new perspective on the African and Latin American tragedies,” International Journal of Research in Management & Business Studies, Vol. 2, Issue. 2, pp. 60-67, 2017.
  [19]. C.S. Adam, D.L. Bevan, “Fiscal deficits and growth in developing countries.” Journal of Public Economics, Vol.1, Issue. 4, pp. 571-597, 2015.
  [20]. M. Atieno, “The relationship between public debt and economic growth in Kenya.” Journal of Management Development, Vol. 3, Issue. 1, pp. 254-260, 2017.
  [21]. M.Gómez-Puig, S. Sosvilla-Rivero, I, Martínez-Zarzoso, “On the heterogeneous link between public debt and economic growth.” Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Vol. 77, Issue. 2, pp. 101-110, 2022.
  [22]. G.L. Kobey, “Effect of public debt on economic growth in Kenya.” British Journal of Management, Vol. 5, Issue. 1, pp. 1015-1022, 2016.
  [23]. D.A. Ejigayehu, J.H. Person, “The effect of external debt on economic growth. A panel data analysis on the relationship between external debt and economic growth.” Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 3, Issue. 1, pp. 751-760, 2021.
  [24]. S.M. Murungi, K. Okiro, “Impact of government debt on economic growth in Kenya: A critical literature review.” European Scientific Journal, Vol. 14, Issue. 1, pp. 240-257, 2018.
  [25]. V. Misiri, F. Morina, H. Shabani, “The impact of public debt on economic growth: evidence from Kosovo (2007-2019).” Journal of Accounting, Finance and Auditing Studies, Vol. 7, Issue. 4, pp. 119-133, 2021.
  [26]. J. Silva, “Impact of public and private sector external debt on economic growth: The case of Portugal.” Eurasian Economic Review, Vol. 10, Issue. 4, pp. 607-634, 2020.
  [27]. W.N. Ul-Haq, K. Habib, “An evaluation of relationship between public debt and economic growth: A study of Afghanistan.” Journal of Management, Vol. 3, Issue. 3, pp. 353-359, 2019.
  [28]. K, Rinjit, “Research methodology.” MIT Press, United States, 2020.
  [29]. R, Kumar, “Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners.” Sage, United Kingdom, 2018.
  [30]. K. Cr, “Research methodology methods and techniques.” Reuters Publishers, New York, 2020.
  [31]. J.M. Wooldridge, “Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data.” MIT Press, United States, 2017.
  [32]. B.H. Baltagi, “Econometric analysis of panel data.” (3rd ed.). Wiley & Sons, England, 2018.
  [33]. S. Charan, “Domestic debt and economic growth In India.” Econ. Polit. Weekly, Vol.34, Issue. 23, pp.1445-1453, 2019.
  [34]. A. Abbas, I. Christensen, “The role of domestic debt markets in economic growth: An empirical investigation for low-income countries and emerging markets.” International Journal of Management Sciences, Vol.52, Issue. 3, pp.518-538, 2020.
  [35]. I. Adofu, M. Abula, “Domestic debt and the Nigerian economy.” Curr. Res J. Econ. Theory, Vol. 2, Issue. 1, pp. 22-26, 2017.

  Citation
  H.K. Isabwa, "Effect of Public Debt Portfolio on Economic Growth in Kenya," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.6-12, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Feasibility Assessment for Adoption of Circular Economy Model in Steel Industry

  Satyendra Sudershan, Bhawna Khalkho

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.13-17, Sep-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Circular economy is basically a model that leads to optimum utilization of resources which is aimed at eliminating waste and continual use of resources. Adoption of circular economy has substantial benefits in terms of innovating new products and services from used one. It has great access to market as well creates great oppourtunity for corporation and collaboration for manufacturing new products from used one. This in turn improves environmental performance and reduces the risk of shortage of resources. It is a new manufacture and utilization model that ensure sustainable development over time. Until now we have lived with linear production model to extract, produce, consume and discard. In this manufacture and utilization model, raw materials are used repeteadly to produce new products. In circular economy raw materials are kept longer in production cycles. The transition towards circular economy has become the need of the hour. The shift towards circular economy has great potential to expand even by starting small. To reap maximum benefits from circular economy, closed loop materials and energy flow needs to be implemented. Hence this is the hour of need for steel industry must pay attention for adoption of circular economy to the fullest. As what goes around comes around, so whatever was once old will be new again.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Circular Economy, Steel Industry, Sustainability

  References
  [1] S. Sudershan and S. K. Dhua, “A study for improved sinter quality and productivity with optimum use of mill scale and coke breeze”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.7, Issue 4, pp.37-42, April 2021.
  [2] Valero, A. and Antonio V., US Energy Information, Administration Statistics, 2015.
  [3] Chen, W., R. Jin, Y. Xu, D. Wanatowski, B. Li, L. Yan, et al, “Adopting Recycled Aggregates as Sustainable Construction Materials: A Review of the Scientific Literature.” Construction and Building Materials 218: 483–496. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.130
  [4] Yoon-Chung Chin, “Steel in a Circular Economy: Change, Impact, and Prospects”, Asian Steel Watch, Vol.5, pp.34-43, June 2018.
  [5] Shahbaz Khan & Abid Haleem,; “Investigation of Circular Economy Practices in The Context of Emerging Economies: a CoCoSo Approach” International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, pp. 357-367, 2021.
  [6] Bhawna Khalkho, Satyendra Sudershan, P. Saravanan, S. Srikanth, “Future of Green Hydrogen in Steel Industry”, International Journal of Scientific Research In Multidisciplinary Studies (IJSRMS), Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp.25-30, 2022.
  [7] Circular Economy, Initiatives by Tata Steel.
  [8] B. Das, S. Prakash, P.S.R. Reddy, V.N. Misra, “An Overview of Utilization of Slag and Sludge from Steel Industries”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol.50, pp.40–57, 2007.
  [9] Luis Miguel Fonseca, José Pedro Domingues, "Adoption of Circular Economy concepts and practices by Portuguese Citizens and Companies", Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 2018.
  [10] A. Murray, K. Skene, & K. Haynes, “The Circular Economy: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of the Concept and Application in a Global Context”, Journal of Bussiness Ethics, 140, pp. 369–380, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2693-2

  Citation
  Satyendra Sudershan, Bhawna Khalkho, "Feasibility Assessment for Adoption of Circular Economy Model in Steel Industry," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.13-17, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Gender and Utilization of Investment Services in Bugembe Town Council, Jinja District

  R. Watsemwa, R. Kabumbuli, S. Mirembe

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.18-24, Sep-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  This is a cross sectional study that used quantitative approaches to collect data from both men and women aged 18 years and above who were available in the different households, markets, and trading centers at the time of the interviews in Bugembe town council. Data analysis was done at univariate and bivariate levels. The study aimed to assess how gender influences access and utilization of investment services in Bugembe town council. Results showed that financial literacy, gender, household headship, and occupation were significantly associated with investment (p<0.05). Results also showed that an equal number of both men and women in Bugembe town council utilized investment services of Micro Finance services. Conclusively gender being a significant variable with investments, there is need for institutions to come up with gender sensitive interventions like reduction of the interest rate, giving out group loans and exemption of women from presenting collateral security to financial institutions.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Uganda; Investments; Gender; Gender Relations; Micro finance services; Men, Women

  References
  [1] S. Plaza, M. Navarrete, and D. Ratha, “Migration and remittances household surveys in sub-Saharan Africa: methodological aspects and main findings,” World Bank Wash. DC, 2011.
  [2] K. Hoff, A. Braverman, and J. E. Stiglitz, The economics of rural organization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
  [3] World Bank. Information, Communication Technologies, and infoDev (Program), Information and communications for development 2012: Maximizing mobile. World Bank Publications, 2012.
  [4] G. Amidžic, M. A. Massara, and A. Mialou, Assessing countries’ financial inclusion standing-A new composite index. International Monetary Fund, 2014.
  [5] B. Armendariz and M. Labie, The handbook of microfinance. World scientific, 2011.
  [6] M. A. Huis, N. Hansen, R. Lensink, and S. Otten, “A relational perspective on women’s empowerment: Intimate partner violence and empowerment among women entrepreneurs in Vietnam,” Br. J. Soc. Psychol., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 365–386, 2020.
  [7] A. Modi, K. Patel, and K. M. Patel, “Impact of microfinance services on rural women empowerment: An empirical study,” IOSR J. Bus. Manag., vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1–8, 2014.
  [8] I. A. Ifelunini and E. C. Wosowei, “„Constraints to Women Entrepreneurs? Access to Microfinance in South-South Nigeria?,” Res. J. Finance Account., vol. 4, no. 6, 2013.
  [9] S. Garikipati, S. Johnson, I. Guérin, and A. Szafarz, “Microfinance and gender: Issues, challenges and the road ahead,” J. Dev. Stud., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 641–648, 2017.
  [10] S. Lodhi, “Factors influencing individual investor behaviour: An empirical study of city Karachi,” J. Bus. Manag., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 68–76, 2014.
  [11] P. Das, “The role of corporate governance in foreign investments,” Appl. Financ. Econ., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 187–201, 2014.
  [12] J. P. Sahu and S. Panda, “Is private investment being crowded out in India? Some fresh evidence,” Econ. Bull., vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 1125–1132, 2012.
  [13] S. S. Bhola, V. Shah, and P. Zanvar, “A Study of Relationship between Occupation and Individual Investment,” Sinhgad Int. Bus. Rev., vol. 5, 2013.
  [14] M. K. Dash, “Factors influencing investment decision of generations in India: An econometric study,” Int J Buss Mgt Eco Res, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 15–26, 2010.
  [15] C. Christiansen, J. S. Joensen, and J. Rangvid, “The effects of marriage and divorce on financial investments,” Retrieved July, vol. 15, p. 2011, 2011.
  [16] O. D. Otieno, “Role of educational investment on economic growth and development in Kenya,” 2016.
  [17] N. Jamaludin, “Religion and individual investment choice decision: The case of Malaysia,” Int. J. Bus. Soc. Sci., vol. 4, no. 1, 2013.
  [18] R. L. Blumberg, “A general theory of gender stratification,” Sociol. Theory, pp. 23–101, 1984.

  Citation
  R. Watsemwa, R. Kabumbuli, S. Mirembe, "Gender and Utilization of Investment Services in Bugembe Town Council, Jinja District," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.18-24, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Students’ Engagement and Study Habits in the Online Distance Learning Environment

  R.V. Caraig, R.G. Fabro

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.25-31, Sep-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Online Distance Learning has been the new trend in the education system worldwide since the COVID-19 spread started on 2020. The guidelines include a modified form of online learning aimed at facilitating student learning activities. This paper aims to measure the correlation between the students’ engagement and study habits in an online distance learning environment. The study facilitated the Input, Process, and Output paradigm. The aim is to answer the following questions, (1) what is the students’ engagement in Online Distance Learning Environment? (2) what are the Students’ study habits in Online Distance Learning Environment? and (3) What is the Correlation between Students’ Engagement and Study Habits in Online Distance Learning Environment? This study covers the undergraduate students from Diliman College as the primary respondents of the study. It is focused on assessing the respondents’ engagements and study habits in an online distance learning environment. It also tackled how their profile can affect their study habits. This study used a quantitative design and facilitated correlational descriptive survey research methods. It uses surveys to gather data on the two variables. These data aim to know the correlation between students’ engagement and study habits in an online distance learning environment. It involves 51 undergraduate students from different academic programs. Pearson-r value is 0.65, indicating a Moderate Uphill (positive) Correlation between students’ engagement and students study habits. Moderate Uphill (positive) Correlation means a high correlation between the two variables. This only means that the respondents are incorporating their engagement in their study habits even if the mode of modality is online.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Online Distance Learning, CHED Philippines, Synchronous Class, Students’ Engagement, Study Habits

  References
  .[1] Ginbert Cuaton, “Philippines higher education institutions in the time of COVID-19 pandemic,” Revista Româneasc? pentru Educa?ie Multidimensional?, Vol.12, issue.1, pp.61-70, 2020.
  [2] Ryan Michael Oducado, “Faculty perception toward online education in a state college in the Philippines during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic,” Universal Journal of Educational Research, Vol.8, issue.10, pp.4736-4742, 2020.
  [3] Aris Alea Lapada, Miguel Frosyl Fabrea, Dave Arthur Roldan Robledo, Zeba Farooqi Alam, “Teachers` Covid-19 awareness, distance learning education experiences and perceptions towards institutional readiness and challenges,” International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, Vol.19, issue.6, pp.127-144, 2020.
  [4] Gil Parentela, Danilo Varga, “Pandemic Era (COVID-19) and Higher Education in the Philippines against the World Perspective: A Literature Survey Analysis,” Social Science Research Network, 2021.
  [5] Cathy Mae Toquero, “Challenges and opportunities for higher education amid the COVID-19 pandemic: The Philippine context,” Pedagogical Research, Vol.5, issue.4, pp.1-5, 2020.
  [6] Miguel Fernandez Alvarez, Amanda Montes, “Student engagement in the online classroom: The student perspective,” Medios digitales y metodologías docentes: Mejorar la educación desde un abordaje integral, Vol.8, issue.10, pp.226-233, 2021.
  [7] Jose Tria, “The COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of education in the Philippines: The new normal,” International Journal of Pedagogical Development and Lifelong Learning, Vol.1, issue.1, pp.2-4, 2020.
  [8] Micaiah Andrea Gumasing Lopez, Christian Dave Francisco, Cristalyn Capinig, Jhoremy Alayan, “Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic: The Self-Efficacy and Academic Motivation of the College Students from the Private Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines,” International Journal of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education. Vol.7, issue.3, pp.2230-2241, 2021.
  [9] Marcia Dixson, “Creating effective student engagement in online courses: What do students find engaging,” Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, Vol.10, issue.2, pp.1-13, 2010.
  [10] Noel Entwistle, Jennifer Thomson, “Motivation and study habits,” The International Journal of Higher Education Research, Vol.3, issue.4, pp.379-396, 1974.
  [11] Jhoselle Tus, “The Influence of Study Attitudes and Study Habits on Academic Performance of the Students,” International Journal of All Research Writings, Vol.2, issue.4, pp.11-32, 2020.
  [12] Perante Wenceslao, Ediza Gomba Felisa, “Challenges to online engineering education during the Covid-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas, Philippines,” International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, Vol.20, issue.3, pp.84-96, 2021.
  [13] Rhona Sharpe, Greg Benfield, “The student experience of e-learning in higher education,” Brookes eJournal of Learning and Teaching, Vol.1, issue.3, pp.1-9, 2005.
  [14] Chin Choo Robinson, Hallett Hullinger, “New benchmarks in higher education: Student engagement in online learning,” Journal of Education for Business, Vol.84, issue.2, pp.101-109, 2008.
  [15] Bruce Ratner B, “The correlation coefficient: Its values range between + 1 / ? 1,” Journal of Targeting, Measurement, and Analysis for Marketing, Vol.17 issue.1 pp.142, 2019.
  [16] Abisola Oladeni Sakirudeen, Kudirat Bimbo Sanni, “Study habits and academic performance of secondary school students in mathematics: A case study of selected secondary schools in Uyo local education council,” Research in Pedagogy, Vol.7, issue.2, pp.283-297, 2017.
  [17] Jean Mandernach, Amber Dailey-Hebert, “Assessing course student engagement,” Promoting student engagement, Vol.1, pp.277-281, 2011.
  [18] Shanna Smith Jaggars, Di Xu, “How do online course design features influence student performance,” Computers & Education, Vol.95, pp.270-284, 2016.
  [19] Mitchell Handelsman, William Briggs, Nora Sullivan, Annette Towler, “A measure of college student course engagement,” The Journal of Educational Research, Vol.98, issue.3, pp.184-192, 2010.

  Citation
  R.V. Caraig, R.G. Fabro, "Students’ Engagement and Study Habits in the Online Distance Learning Environment," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.25-31, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Adult Children and Older People in Rural Malaysia: Religious Dimensions in Providing Family Supports

  Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad, Zainab Ismail, Salmijah Surif, Shahrul Hizam Mokhtar, Zuljalaludin Abd Rani, Amin Mohammad Husni al-Jufry, Hielda Noviyanty, I Komang Astina, Singgih Susilo

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.32-36, Sep-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Although population ageing has long been studied in developed countries, it is a new research agenda in developing countries. There much needs to be explored about the ageing of the population. While research on population ageing in Malaysia is now a common effort, research on family support, however, receiving less attention. The objective of this paper is to explore the duty of children in providing support to elderly parents through Islamic perspectives. Using a single-case study, one former university professor has purposively been selected as a research participant to explore the issue. The results revealed that there are five related Islamic dimensions regarding providing family support: (1) the contentment of helping the weak, (2) parental care, the child`s responsibility, (3) god`s pleasure on parents` pleasure, the wrath of god on the wrath of parents, (4) parents are key to heaven for Muslims, and (5) Islam is a welfare religion.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Population ageing; Older population; Family support; Religious dimensions

  References
  [1]. Kinsella, K. & Victoria A. Velkoff. An ageing world: 2001. U.S. Bureau of the Census, international population reports P95/92-3. Washington D.C: U.S Government, 2001.
  [2]. Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad. Population aging and old age in Malaysia: The changing role of the family and major challenges ahead. In Thomas R Klassen, Masa Higo, Nopraenue S Dhirathiti, Thesesa W Devasahayam. (eds.). Ageing in Asia-Pacific: Interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives. London: Routledge, 2018.
  [3]. Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad. Social relationships, support, and well-being of the elderly people in rural Kelantan (in Malay), PhD Thesis, UPM, 1999.
  [4]. Abdullah Y. Ali. The holy Qur’an. Saba Islamic Media, 2009.
  [5]. Kinsella, K. & Cynthia M. Taeuber. An ageing world II. U.S. Bureau of the Census, international population reports P95/92-3. Washington D.C: U.S Government, 1993.
  [6]. Myers, George C. Aging and worldwide population change, in. R. H. Binstock & E. Shanas (eds.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.
  [7]. Hooyman, Nancy R. & Kiyak, H. A. Social gerontology: A multidisciplinary perspective. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1988.
  [8]. Phillips, David R. Asia-Pacific and global population ageing In T. R Klassen, Masa Higo, Nopraenue S Dhirathiti, Thesesa W Devasahayam. (eds.). Ageing in Asia-Pacific: Interdisciplinary and comparative perspectives. London: Routledge, 2018.
  [9]. Ogawa, Naohiro. Resources for the elderly in economic development, in Hal. L. Kendig, Akiko Hashimoto, & Larry C. Coppard (eds.). Family support for the elder: The international experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  [10]. Concepcion, Mercedes B. The elderly n Asia, in Population Ageing: Review of emerging issues, Asian Population Studies Series; No. 80. New York: United Nations, 1987.
  [11]. Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad, Fuziah Shaffie, Jamaluddin Mustaffa, Ahmad Syukri Abdul Hamid, Rusimah Sayuti. (2016). Rural-Urban Migration: Its implications on living arrangement of older persons in rural Malaysia. Paper presented at the International Conference on Labor Migration and Industrial Citizenship: Albanians on the Move - Citizenship, Identity and Development, University of New York, Tirana, Albania, 13th and 14th November
  [12]. Clark, Robert L & Joseph J. Spengler. The economics of individual and population aging. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
  [13]. Shanas, E. The family as a social support system in old age. The Gerontologist, Vol. 19(2): 169-174, 1979
  [14]. Gibson, Mary Jo. Public health and social policy, in Hal. L. Kendig, Akiko Hashimoto, & Larry C. Coppard (eds.). Family support for the elder: The international experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  [15]. Hashimoto, Akiko & Hall Kendig. Ageing in international perspective, in Hal. L. Kendig, Akiko Hashimoto, & Larry C. Coppard (eds.). Family support for the elder: The international experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  [16]. Wan Ibrahim, Zainab Ismail, Salmijah Surif, Shahrul Hizam Mokhtar, Zuljalaludin Abd Rani, Amin Mohammad Husni, Hielda Novianty, I Komang Astina & Singgih Susilo. Population ageing: A friend or an enemy of da`wah activity? International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol. 8, Issue. 7, pp. 20-25, 2022.
  [17]. Wan Ibrahim, Zainab Ismail, Salmijah Surif, Shahrul Hizam Mokhtar, Zuljalaludin Abd Rani, Amin Mohammad Husni, Hielda Novianty, I Komang Astina & Singgih Susilo. Older people in rural community: a neglected group? International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol. 8, Issue. 8, pp. 14-17, 2022.
  [18]. Onghena, P. Single-case designs. Encyclopaedia of statistics in behavioural science. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
  [19]. Stoller, E.Palo. Exchange patterns in the informal support networks of the elderly: The impact of reciprocity on morale. Marriage and The Family, May: 335-342, 1985
  [20]. Cantor, M.H. 1980. Caring for the frail elderly: Impact on family, friends and neighbors. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of The Gerontological Society of America, San Diego.
  [21]. Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad. Demographic change and research on elderly people in Malaysia: Contributions of local scholars. Journal of Social Development, Vol. 10: 23-49, 2007.
  [22]. Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad & Zainab Ismail. Population ageing and religious participation among rural elderly in Terengganu, Malaysia. Journal of US-China Public Administration, Vol. 8, No. 9: 968-977, 2011.
  [23]. Cicirelli, V.G. Adult children and their elderly parents, in. T.H. Brubaker (eds.) Family relationship in later life. Sage, 1983.
  [24]. Aminah Annette Farrar. Islam. Worldview and way of life. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Outreach-ABIM, 1999.
  [25]. Rossi, Alice S. & Rossi Peter H. Of human bonding. Parent-child relations across the life course. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1990.
  [26]. Altaf Gauhar. The challenges of Islam. London: Islamic Council of Europe, 1978.
  [27]. Seyyed Hossein Nasr. A young Muslim’s guide to the modern world. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust, 1993.
  [28]. Abul A’la Maududi. What is the meaning of Islam, in Altaf Gauhar (ed.).The challenges of Islam. London: Islamic Council of Europe, 1978.
  [29]. Syed Muhammad al-Naquib al-Attas. Islam: Religious concepts and principles of ethics and morality, in Altaf Gauhar (ed.).The challenges of Islam. London: Islamic Council of Europe, 1978.
  [30]. Habin Abdullah Haddad. Religious advice and will of faith, Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 1987.

  Citation
  Wan Ibrahim Wan Ahmad, Zainab Ismail, Salmijah Surif, Shahrul Hizam Mokhtar, Zuljalaludin Abd Rani, Amin Mohammad Husni al-Jufry, Hielda Noviyanty, I Komang Astina, Singgih Susilo , "Adult Children and Older People in Rural Malaysia: Religious Dimensions in Providing Family Supports," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.32-36, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Electronic Learning Modules in Mobile Devices: A Technology Acceptance Model Approach Using PLS-SEM

  Cris Norman P. Olipas, Arsenio P. Gardoce, Jr.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.37-44, Sep-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Adopting new information technology (IT) solutions has been one of the most effective means to improve the quality of instruction delivered to students. With the spread of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, many learning institutions have shifted from the conventional mode of learning, where instructions are usually delivered inside the classroom, into a more flexible mode. Thus, integrating new IT solutions plays a big part in these changes. This study aimed to identify relationships among the variables contained in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to use electronic learning modules on an application installed on mobile devices using partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Sixty-five-point-nine percent of males and thirty-four-point-one percent of females participated in this study, which made up the eighty-two total number of respondents. Analysis shows that this number of respondents was sufficient for this study. Using WarpPLS 7.0, analysis was performed. Results revealed that there were significant positive relationships between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness; perceived ease of use and attitude toward using; attitude toward using and intention to use; and perceived usefulness and intention to use. However, the analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between perceived usefulness and the attitude toward using it. A revised TAM model was presented based on parameter estimates.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Electronic Learning PLS-SEM, Modules, Technology Acceptance Model

  References
  [1] C.N.P. Olipas, “Students’ evaluation of the instructional learning modules for Application Development and Emerging Technologies Course,” Puissant, Vol. 4, pp. 1074-1089, 2023.
  [2] L.E. Caballero, M.A.M. Ferrer, R.A. Tiria, "The Role of Gamification in the Academic Performance of Junior High School Students in Language Subject," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp.1-4, 2022.
  [3] C.N.P. Olipas, R.F. Leona, “The extent of engagement to social networking sites, the impact of mobile games, and the students’ learning experiences: An assessment,” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, Vol. 9, Issue.5, pp. 112-119
  [4] F.D. Davis, “Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology,” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 13, Issue.3. pp. 319-340, 1989.
  [5] C.S, Criollo, S. Lujan-Mora, A. Jaramillo-Alcazar, “Advantages and disadvantages of m-learning in current education.” In Proceedings of the IEEE World Engineering Education Conference (EDUNINE), Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp. 11-14, 2018.
  [6] M. Sharples, “Mobile learning: research, practice, and challenges”. Distance Education in China. Vol. 3, Issue.5, pp. 5-11, 2013.
  [7] K. Swan, M. Van’t Hooft, A. Kratcoski, D. Unger, “Teaching and learning with mobile computing devices: Closing the gap. mobile technology.” In H.van der Merwe & T. Brown, Mobile Technology: The future of Learning in your hands. mLearn 2005 Book of Abstracts. 4th World Conference on mLearning, Cape Town. pp. 157-161, 2005.
  [8] C. O`Malley, G. Vavoula, J. Glew, M. Sharples, P. Lefrere, “MOBIlearn: D4.1 guidelines for learning/teaching/tutoring in a mobile environment”, 2005.
  [9] A. Kukulska-Hulme, J. Traxler, “Mobile learning: A handbook for educators and trainers”. Psychology-Press, London, pp. 7-8, 2005.
  [10] C.N.P. Olipas, “The Gen Z’s learning experience and its relationship to social media use”, International Journal of Advanced Research and Innovative Ideas in Education. Vol. 8, Issue.1, pp. 1291-1299, 2022
  [11] S.C. Chen, L. Shing-Han, L. Chien-Yi, “Recent related research in technology acceptance model: A literature review,” Australian journal of business management and research, Vol. 1, Issue.9, pp. 124, 2011.
  [12] A. Granic, N. Marangunic, “Technology acceptance model in educational context: A systematic literature review.” British Journal of Educational Technology. Vol. 50, Issue.5, pp. 2572-2593, 2019.
  [13] N.A.N. Roslan, A.F.M. Ayub, N. Ghazali, “Predictor of Instant Messaging Use among Students for Academic Purpose,”, International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, Vol. 14, Issue. 15, pp. 195, 2020
  [14] J.H. Kim, M. Kim, M. Park, J. Yoo, “How interactivity and vividness influence consumer virtual reality shopping experience: the mediating role of telepresence,” Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, Vol. 15, Issue. 3, pp. 502-525, 2021
  [15] M. Al-Emran, V. Mezhuyev, A. Kamaludin, “Technology acceptance model in m-learning context: A systematic review,” Computers & Education, Vol. 125. pp. 1-41, 2018.
  [16] A. Imtiaz, N. Maarop, “A review of technology acceptance studies in the field of education,” Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering), Vol. 69, Issue.2. pp. 27-32, 2014,
  [17] N. Kock, P. Hadaya, “Minimum sample size estimation in PLS?SEM: The inverse square root and gamma?exponential methods.” Information Systems Journal, Vol. 28 no. 1, pp 227-261, 2018
  [18] N. Kock, “WarpPLS user manual: Version 7.0”. ScriptWarp Systems, Laredo, TX, 2020
  [19] C.N.P. Olipas, R.A.G. Cochanco, “The information technology students’ cognitive determinants and its relationship to academic performance,” International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, Vol.8, Issue.3, pp. 381-389.
  [20] M. Tavakol, R. Dennick, “Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha.” International Journal of Medical Education, Vol 2, pp. 53-55, 2011
  [21] N. Kock, “Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach.” International Journal of e-Collaboration, Vol 11, Issue.4, pp. 1-10, 2015.
  [22] J.F. Hair, W.C. Black, B.J. Babin, R.E. Anderson, “Multivariate data analysis”. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2009.
  [23] N. Kock, G. Lynn, “Lateral collinearity and misleading results in variance-based SEM: An illustration and recommendations”. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, Vol. 13, Issue. 7, pp. 546 – 580, 2012.
  [24] C. Fornell, D.F. Larcker, “Evaluating structural equation models with unobserved variables and measurement error”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, Issue 1, pp. 39-50, 1981.
  [25] J.F. Hair, M. Sarstedt, L. Hopkins, V, Kuppelwieser, “Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) An emerging tool in business research.” European Business Review, Vol. 26, Issue.2, pp. 106-121. 2014.
  [26] J.F. Hair, G.T.M. Hult, C. Ringle, M. Sarstedt, “A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)”. Sage Publications. 2016
  [27] N. Kock, “Using WarpPLS in e-collaboration studies: Descriptive statistics, settings, and key analysis results.” International Journal of e-Collaboration (IJeC), Vol. 7, Issue. 2, pp. 1-18. 2011.
  [28] M. Tenenhaus, V.E. Vinzi, Y.M. Chatelin, C. Lauro, “PLS path modeling”. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Vol 48, Issue.1, pp. 159-205, 2005.
  [29] M. Wetzels, G. Odekerken-Schröder, C. Van Oppen, “Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration.” MIS quarterly, Vol. 33, Issue. 1, pp. 177-195, 2009.
  [30] N.M. Suki, N.M. Suki, “Exploring the relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, attitude and subscriber’s intention towards using 3G mobile services,” Journal of Information Technology Management, Vol. 22, Issue.1, pp. 1-7, 2011
  [31] Q. Ma, L. Liu, “The Technology Acceptance Model”, End User Computing, pp. 1088-1100, 2008.
  [32] X. Hong, M. Zhang, Q. Liu, “Preschool Teachers’ Technology Acceptance During COVID-19: An Adapted Technology Acceptance,” Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 12, pp. 1-11, 2021
  [33] N. Kock, “WarpPLS user manual: Version 7.0”. ScriptWarp Systems, Laredo, TX, 2020
  [34] Okto Adiya Suryawirawan, “The effect of college students’ technology acceptance on e-commerce adoption”, BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen), Vol. 12, Issue.1, pp. 42-62, 2021
  [35] N. Larasati, C.A. Wulandadari, “Implementation of Unit Dose Dispensing Using Management Information System in Pharmacy Installation of Panti Rapih Hospital,” Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pelayanan Farmasi (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice), Vol. 8, Issue.4, pp. 153, 2019

  Citation
  Cris Norman P. Olipas, Arsenio P. Gardoce, Jr., "Electronic Learning Modules in Mobile Devices: A Technology Acceptance Model Approach Using PLS-SEM," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.37-44, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Factors Influencing Primary Schools’ Mathematics Teachers Retention in Darazo Municipality of Bauchi State, Nigeria

  Isah Abdullahi, Kasimu Musa, Nasiru Dauda, Abdullahi Batai, Abdulrahim Hindatu, Mohammed Adamu, Khadija Hassan

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.45-51, Sep-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The study examined the factors impacting the retention of mathematics teachers in primary schools in Darazo Governorate, Bauchi State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted. A structured design questionnaire and interview were designed to guide the study. All primary school mathematics teachers and the school’s headmasters of Darazo local government area constituted the foremost masses of the study, whereas the government appointed and full-time instructors within the schools were the targets respondents of the study. Stratified and straightforward irregular testing strategies were utilized to choose 38 school superintendents and 40 mathematics teachers for the study. A self-developed, approved and reliability-tested survey instrument was utilized for data collection, which was assessed by utilizing Recurrence Tally and Factual Bundle for Social Sciences. It was found that the workload assigned to teachers, poor incentives and lack of promotion and its implementation, among other factors, influenced mathematics teacher retention in elementary schools. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended that governments need to employ more mathematics teachers, improve their well-being and execution, among others.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Factor; Influence; Mathematics Teacher; Retention; Primary school

  References
  [1] B. Berry. What it means to be a “highly qualified teacher”. Southeast Center for Teaching Quality, University of North Carolina (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 480580), 2002.
  [2] S. B Billingsle. “Special Education Teacher Retention and Attrition: A Critical Analysis of the Literature”, Journal of Special Education, Vol.38, Issue.1, pp.39-55,2003.
  [3] R.Ingersoll, & Kralik, M. J “The Impact of mentoring on teacher retention: What the research says”, GSE Publications, pp. 1-24,2004.
  [4] Perrachione, et al., “Why do they stay? Elementary teachers’ perceptions of job satisfaction and retention”. The Professional Educator, Vol.32, Issue.2,2008.
  [5] H. J.Waddell, “Fostering Relationships to Increase Teacher Retention in Urban Schools”,Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, Vol. 4Issue.1,pp. 70-85,2010.
  [6] D. Inman, & L. Marlow. “Teacher retention: Why do beginning teachers remain in the profession”? Education, Vol.124, Issue.4, pp.605-614,2004.
  [7] Guarino, et al., A review of the research literature on teacher recruitment and retention (TR-164-EDU). Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2004.
  [8] B. M. Allen, “Eight questions on teacher recruitment and retention: What does the research say”? Education Commission of the States, pp.1-145,2005.
  [9] P Kavenuke. “What is it that keeps good teachers in the teaching profession: A reflection on teacher retention”, SAVAP International, Vol..4, Isse.1, pp. 165-175, 2013.
  [10] E. E., Boe, H. L., Cook, & J. R Sunderland, “Teacher turnover: Examining exit attrition, teaching area transfer, and school migration”, Exceptional Children, Vol.75, Issue1, pp.7-31,2008.
  [11] J. Imazeki, “Teacher salaries and teacher attrition”, Economics of Education Review, 24: pp.431-49, 2004.
  [12] L., Holbeche. Aligning human resources and business strategy. London, Great Britain: Elsevier,2009.
  [13] Marston, et al. “The voices of experienced elementary teachers: Their insights about the profession”, Teacher Education Quarterly, pp. 111-131,2006.
  [14] S., Joiner, &, J. Edward. Novice teachers: Where are they going and why don’t they stay? Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education.Vol.1Issue.1, pp.36 – 43,2008.
  [15] D., Goldhaber, B. Gross, and D. Player. Are public schools really losing their “best”? Assessing the career transitions of teachers and their implication for the quality of the teacher workforce. Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (Working Paper 12). Washington, DC: Urban Institute,2007.
  [16] K. J, DeAngelis, and J. B. Presley. Leaving schools or leaving the profession: Setting Illinois’ record straight on teacher attrition (IERC 2007-1). Edwardsville: Illinois Education Research Council. 24,2007.
  [17] A. C., Glebbeck, and E. H Bax, “Is high employee turnover really harmful? An empirical test using company records”, Academy of Management Journal,Vol. 47, Issue.2,pp.277-286,2004.
  [18] S., Loeb, L, Darling-Hammond, and J. Luczak, “How teaching conditions predict teacher turnover in California Schools”, Peabody Journal of Education, Vol. 80, Issue.3, pp44-70,2005.
  [19] C. S., Long, P. Perumal, and M. A. Ajagbe, “The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Employees Turnover Intention: A Conceptual Model”, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol.4, Issue,2, pp.629-641,2012.
  [20] M. S., Knapp, M. A., Copland, M. L. Plecki, and B. S. Portin."Leading, Learning, and Leadership Support." Center for the Study of Teaching and Policy, University of Washington,2006.
  [21] M. A., Kraft, W. H. Marinell, & D. Shen-Wei Yee, “School organizational contexts, teacher turnover, and student achievement: Evidence from panel data”. American Educational Research Journal, Vol.53.Issue.5, 2016.
  [22] H. Kurland, “School leadership that leads to a climate of care. International Journal of Leadership in Education, Vol.22.Issue.6, 2019.
  [23] F., Herzberg, B., Mausner, & B. B. Snyderman”,The motivation to work. New Brunswich, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
  [24] M. Witzel, Fredick I. Herzberg. In M. Witzel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the history of American management. London, UK: Continuum, 2006.
  [25] T. D., Reeves, & R. J. Lowenhaupt, “Teachers as leaders: Pre-service teachers` aspirations and motivations”. Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol.57pp.176-187, 2016.
  [26] P. W. Richardson, S. A., Karabenick, & H. M. Watt, “Teacher motivation: Theory and practice”. London, United Kingdom: Routledge. 2014.
  [27] N. J. Winnard. “The role of divisional principals in teacher retention in east African international schools”, (10618167 Ed.D.), University of Southern California, Ann Arbor, 2017.
  [28] O. Emiroglu, A., Guneyli, & N. S. Burgul, “Motivational sources of teachers in a developing country”, Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala,Vol. 57, pp.51-66, 2017.
  [29] S. V., Mancuso, L., Roberts, & G. P. White, “Teacher retention in international schools: The key role of school leadership”. Journal of Research in International Education, Vol.9, Issue.3, pp.306-323, 2010.
  [30] J., Perryman, & G. Calvert, “What motivates people to teach, and why do they leave? Accountability, performativity and teacher retention”, British Journal of Educational Studies, pp.1-21. 2019.
  [31] C. J. Young, “Transformational learning in ministry”. Christian Education Journal, 10, 322+.
  [32] S. Young, “Teacher retention and student achievement: How to hire and retain effective teachers”. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, Vol. 84Issue.3, pp,16-21,2018.
  [33] R., Hanushek, Kain., J., O’Brien, D. and S. Rivkin. The market for teacher quality (Technical report). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research,2005.
  [34] D., Boyd, H., Lankford, S., Loeb, and J. Wyckoff. Who leaves? Teacher attrition and student achievement (Research report). Albany, NY: Teacher Policy Research,2007.
  [35] O.M, Kimeu. Individual Factors Influencing Competence of Board of Management in Human Resources of Public Secondary Schools in Kathonzweni District, Kenya, 2012
  [36] S. Song., & M., Mustapha. “Factors impacting of teachers Job Satisfaction Related Science Teaching: A Mixed Method Study”, Science Education International, Vol.26, Issue. 3, pp. 358-375,2017.
  [37] Kasau, "Factors influencing teacher attrition at public secondary schools in mbooni east district, Keya."In M.ED. Project, University of Nairobi, Kenya. 2012.
  [38] O. M. Kasau, J. W., Kaloki, B. M., and KittoMutinda, J. M., Jeremiah, “Factors influencing teacher attrition in public secondary schools in mbooni-east sub-county, Kenya”. International Journal of Education and Research, Vol.4, Issue3: 367-82,2016.
  [39] S. Kelly. “An event history analysis of teacher attrition: Salary, teacher tracking, and socially disadvantaged schools”. Journal of Experimental Education, 72(3): 195-220,2004.
  [40] S., Loeb, L., Darling-Hammond, and J. Luczak. “How teaching conditions predict teacher turnover in California schools”. Peabody Journal of Education, Vol.80, Issue.3, pp.44-70,2005.
  [41] R. Marso, and F., Pigge,."Characteristics associate with teacher attrition: Pre and post preparation teaching concerns of candidates teaching or not teaching five years after graduation." In Paper Presented at Annual Meeting of Midwestern Educational Research Association Held at Chicago Illinois, Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of English Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1995.
  [42] P. S., Nahal. “Voices from the Field: Perspectives of First-year Teachers on the Disconnect between Teacher Preparation Programs and the Realities of the Classroom”. Research in Higher Education Journal, pp.1-19,2019.

  Citation
  Isah Abdullahi, Kasimu Musa, Nasiru Dauda, Abdullahi Batai, Abdulrahim Hindatu, Mohammed Adamu, Khadija Hassan, "Factors Influencing Primary Schools’ Mathematics Teachers Retention in Darazo Municipality of Bauchi State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.45-51, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Assessment of Science Teachers Pedagogical and Instructional Competence: Basis for Strategic Plan

  Hou Lu, Dennis G. Caballes

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.52-56, Sep-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  To develop a teacher’s potential in teaching, the teacher’s competence in pedagogy and instructions must be considered and discussed in depth. This study aims to assess the science instructors` knowledge level in conducting scientific research and determine its implications for their teaching methodology. The study is descriptive research to describe teachers` pedagogical and instructional competence. The population consists of 34 science teachers who are conveniently selected. The instrument is adapted from studies related to teachers’ competence and was rated as very satisfactory to very poor. The study was conducted online using Google forms. Science teachers in the study have very satisfactory pedagogical and instructional materials. However, there is a need to attend more training in pedagogical models and must consider students learning styles. The study results are only limited to the respondents and do not generalize its conclusions to all science teachers. Further study is recommended to prove these findings.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Science teachers, Pedagogical competence, Instructional competence

  References
  [1] S. Salam, “ Proceeding the 4th SEA-DR. ,” 2016.
  [2] J. C. Doblada and Dennis. Caballes, “Relationship of teachers’ technology skills and selected profile: basis for redesigning training for online distance learning modality,” Instabright International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, pp. 17–22
  [3] M. T. Gonzales and D. Caballes, “The Use of Varied Teaching Strategies on the Conceptual Understanding of Selected Topics on General Pathology, CiiT International Journal of Programmable Device Circuits and Systems, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 45–50, 2020.
  [4] R. P. Sapad and D. G. Caballes, “Initiation of a professional development program for science instructional leaders within the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework,” The Palawan Scientist , pp. 75–83, 2022.
  [5] F. J. Delos Reyes and D. Caballes, “Development of Instructional Video in Teaching Science: A Teacher’s Perspective
  [6] R. A. Tiria and D. G. Caballes, “Implementation of Education 4.0 in the Senior High School in the Sixth District of Manila | Request PDF,” CiiT International Journal of Automation and Autonomous System, Mar. 2020.
  [7] R. A. Tiria and D. G. Caballes, “The Role of Gamification on Students Academic Performance in Senior High School Physical Science Course,” Automation and Autonomous Systems, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 41, 2019.
  [8] F. M. D. Abenes and D. G. Caballes, “Assessment of Students in Digital Game-Based Learning in Teaching Physics 7, CiiT International Journal of Automation and Autonomous System, 2020.
  [9] L. E. Caballero, M. A. M. Ferrer, and R. A. Tiria, “The Role of Gamification in the Academic Performance of Junior High School Students in Language Subject,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1–4, Mar. 2022.
  [10] R. A. Tiria, M. A. M. Ferrer, J. Versoza, and L. Caballero, “The Role of Forum Discussion in the Online Learning Modality of Senior High School Students,” International Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Science, vol. 2, Jan. 2022.
  [11] E. Q. Lariosa and K. F. Garcia, “Satisfaction Level of SHS Students to the Overall Performance of Elpidio Quirino High School in the New Normal,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 42–46, Apr. 2002.
  [12] M. Rahman, “Professional Competence , Pedagogical Competence and the Performance of Junior High School of Science Teachers, Journal of Education and Practice, 2014.
  [13] M. Nadeem, M. Shaheen, and A. H. Lone, “Teacher’s Competencies and Factors Affecting the Performance of Female Teachers in Bahawalpur (Southern Punjab) Pakistan,” International Journal of Business and Social Science , vol. 2, no. 19, pp. 317–322, Oct. 2021.
  [14] S. Shukla, “Teaching Competency, Professional Commitment and Job Satisfaction-A Study of Primary School Teachers,” IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 44–64
  [15] Panol, Ariston, Valdez, and Caballes, “ Competency level of science teachers in teaching evolution: basis for training design,” Global Journal of Advanced Research, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 253–243, 2021.
  [16] N. A. Yani, M. Kristiawan, and A. Martha, “Leadership of the principal in improving the professional competence of teachers in the digital age,” JPGI (Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 268–274, Sep. 2021
  [17] I. Henze, J. H. van Driel, and N. Verloop, “Experienced Science Teachers’ Learning in the Context of Educational Innovation:,” Journal of Teacher Education , vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 184–199
  [18] K. S. Yoon, T. Duncan, S. W.-Y. Lee, B. Scarloss, and K. L. Shapley, “Reviewing the Evidence on How Teacher Professional Development Affects Student Achievement. Issues & Answers. REL 2007-No. 033.,” Regional Educational Laboratory Southwest (NJ1), Oct. 2007.
  [19] A. Azuelo, A. G. Azuelo, L. G. Sariana, and A. Manual, “Science Teachers’ Teaching Competencies and Their Training Experience in Classroom Pedagogical Approaches,” Liceo Journal of Higher Education Research, vol. 11, no. 1
  [20] Ramlawati, A. Mun’Im, and S. R. Yunus, “Improving Pedagogical Competences of Prospective Science Teachers to Develop Learning Materials through Jigsaw Cooperative Model,” J Phys Conf Ser, vol. 1028, no. 1, Jun. 2018
  [21] J. Cox, “Characteristics of a 21st-Century Teacher,” ThoughtCo., 2019.
  [22] M. Idrus, Y. Abu Bakar, S. J. Ampel Surabaya Ahmad Yani, and S. Jawa Timur, “Public Primary School in Yogyakarta,” International Journal of Education and Research, vol. 1, no. 9, 2013.
  [23] V. K. A. Sahana, “ Assessing the pedagogical competencies of affiliated B-school faculty members using principal component analysis,” International Journal of Commerce, Business & Management, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1150–1155,
  [24] NGSS, “Next Generation Science Standards.”
  [25] B.-Y. Park, L. Rodriguez, and T. Campbell, “Commentary: Using Models to Teach Science.,” Science Teacher, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 8–11, Nov. 2019.
  [26] S. E. Eaton, “21 Characteristics of 21st Century Learners | Learning, Teaching and Leadership,” 2018

  Citation
  Hou Lu, Dennis G. Caballes, "Assessment of Science Teachers Pedagogical and Instructional Competence: Basis for Strategic Plan," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.52-56, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  The Social Construction of Drug/Substance Abuse among Youths in Jos, Nigeria

  C.A. Akintunde, E.A. Akintunde, B.D. Gurumyen

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp.57-67, Sep-2022

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  The use and abuse of drugs by individuals and the far reaching consequences of this maladaptive behaviour is a universal phenomenon. More often than not, the youths of most societies constitute the highest population involved in using and abusing drugs/substances. The social construction of the use and the abuse of drugs/substances by the youths, is vital in determining their behaviour towards it. Having an understanding of how drugs/substances are perceived by youths is a step towards knowing how to tackle the problem. The study investigated the reasons behind youths’ involvement in drug/substance abuse and the consequences of their involvement in Jos South, Plateau State. The social cognitive theory was utilized to understand and explain the social construction of drugs/substance abuse among youths. Employing the qualitative research method, twenty-five (25) participants were purposefully selected, and data was obtained from them through key informant and in-depth interviews. Findings from the study revealed that youths construct the abuse of drugs/substances at two major points and in two major ways; before their experience with drug/substance abuse and after their involvement with drugs/substance abuse. Before their actual experiences, drug/substance abuse was perceived as an activity that came with numerous benefits at a low cost. After their actual experiences however, drug/substance abuse was seen as a behaviour that enslaved the actor and rendered them unproductive to themselves and the society. Permissive culture towards drug/substance use was also identified as a major factor that predisposes youths in Jos South to drug/substance abuse. Proper enlightenment, on the subject of drug/substance use may significantly reduce youths’ involvement in drug/substance abuse, in addition to change or modification of the popular culture of drug/substance use in Jos.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Youths, Drug/substance Abuse, Drug use, Jos, social cognitive theory

  References
  [1] United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report. pp 1-151, 2013.
  [2] A. F, Samson. Exploring Factors Influencing Substance Abuse among Young Individuals Receiving Treatment for Substance Use Disorder in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Convenant International Journal of Psychology, Vol. 3 No. 2. pp 1-10, 2018.
  [3] O. Massah, F. Farmani, .R. Karimi, F. Hoseini, and A. Farhoudian, Group Reality Therapy in Addicts Rehabilitation Process to Reduce Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, Vol. 13 No. 23 pp 42-48, 2015.
  [4] D.K Kombo. Determinants of Drug Abuse in Nairobi Secondary Schools. African Journal of Education Studies. (ISSN 1815-0470) vol. 1 issue 1. pp 101-113, 2002.
  [5] R.W. Maithya, “Drug Abuse in the Secondary School in Kenya : Developing a Programme for Prevention and Intervention, University of South Africa, Pretoria”. LAP LAMBERT Academic publishing. pp 13-17, 2012.
  [6] World Health Organization.. Management of Substance Abuse; Facts and Figures 2019.
  [7] K. Yomi. A National Survey Has Confirmed the Massive Scale of Nigeria’s Drug Problem. Quarts Africa. pp 1-3, 2019.
  [8] Z. Muhammad, R. Sobia,, H. Rabia, Q. Junaid, I. Hira, H. Muhammad, and R. Fazal. Drug Abuse Among Students. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. Vol. 1. Issue 1. pp 41-47, 2015
  [9] P. Benjamin, O. Carl, and S. Toby, “Understanding Drug Use and Abuse. A Global Perspective”. Palgrave, United Kingdom. Macmillan Publishers Limited. pp 10-18, 2014.
  [10] P. Ngosso, R. Awopetu, J. Ugese, and T. Apaa, Patterns of “Psychoactive Substance Use Among in Patients at Psychiatric Unit of Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi”. CRISA. pp 20-25, 2016
  [11] World Health Organization. Drug use and Road Safety: a Policy Brief. 2016.
  [12] J.C. Gfroerer and L.T. Wu, M.A.Penne..Initiation of Marijuana “Use: Trends Patterns, and Implications”.Rockville. pp 15-17, 2002
  [13] European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. 2007. Drug Use and Related Problems Among Very Young People (Under 15 years Old).
  [14] A.O. Otieno and A.V. Offula, Drug Abuse in Kisumu Town Western Kenya. African Journal of Food Agriculture and Development Vol. 9, No. 3 pp 847-858, 2009
  [15] S Siringi, and K. Waihenya. Drug Abuse Rife as Government Braces for Narcotics War in Kenyan Schools. Daily nation. pp 5-6, 2003
  [16] R. Azuike, A. Oni, and O. Dirisu, Stake Holders’ view on Substance Abuse and the Development of Effective Interventions in Nigeria. African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition ad Development. Vol 9. No.3 pp 8-10, 2012.
  [17] B.L. Ajibade, M.E. Uvomata, A.O. Akinpelu, M.A. Adeleke, B.O. Fabiyi and T. Akinlabi. Factors Influencing Substance Abuse amongst Selected Commercial Motorcyclists in Ogbomoso Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Health and Psychology Research.Vol.4, No.3, pp.1-27, 2016
  [18] O.Y. Oshodi, O. F. Aina and A.T. Onajole. Substance Use among Secondary School Students in an Urban Setting in Nigeria: Prevalence and Associated Factors. African Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 13, pp 52-57, 2010
  [19] R. Abudu, Young People and Drug Abuse. A paper presented at the Biennial International Conference on Alcohol Drugs, and Society in Africa, Abuja, Nigeria.
  23rd-25 July , 2008
  [20] O.F. Dorcas. Drug Abuse Among Nigerian Adolescents. Strategies for Counselling. The Journal of International Social Research. Vol. 5 issue 20 pp 342-347, 2012
  [21] A.W. Musk and N.H. Klerk. History of Tobacco and Health. Respirology. Vol.8. No.3, pp. 286-290, 2003
  [22] C. Wolmer. Drugs in England, London: Wayland Publishers Limited. pp 20-25, 1990
  [23] S. M. Kanini. Effects of Drug and Substance Abuse on Academic Performance Among Secondary School Students, Kathonzweni District, Makueni County, Kenya. University of Nairobi. pp 10-14, 2014.
  [24] United Nations World Drug Report: New York: Oxford University Press. 2005.
  [25] N.O. Mondester. A study of the Causes and Effects of Drug and Substance Abuse among Students in Selected Secondary Schools in Starehe Sub Country Nairobi County. University of Nairobi. pp 5-7, 2016
  [26] O.N. Gakuru. Globalization of Social Structure and Practice. Economic Development in Kenya. African Journal of Sociology. Vol 4, No 2. pp 13-17, 2002
  [27] M. Hamisu, T. Ahmed and L. Lim. Adolescents and Drug Abuse in Nigeria. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. Vol. 4, No.1, pp 5-9, 2014
  [28] K.A. Oshikoya, and L. Alli. Perception of Drug Abuse Amongst Nigerian Undergraduates. World Journal of Medical Sciences. Vol 1, pp 133-139. 2006
  [29] M.U. Ikoh, S.O. Smah, I. Okwanya, U.A. Clement, and Z.A. Aposhi. Factors Affecting Entry into Drug Abuse Among Youths in Lafia Metropolis: Implications on Security. SAGE Open. Vol 9. No. 1 pp 1-30, 2019.
  [30] B., Leonard, and P., Selznick. Sociology. AText with Adapted Readings, Leonard Broom, Philip Selznick. New York: Harper, print pp 1-5, 1963.
  [31] A.S. Adenike, A.M. Surukat, S.B. Adegboyega and M.A. Sennuga. Menace of Drug Abuse on Youth Development and Academic Performance. Evidence from Nigeria. Ago-Iwoye Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences. Vol.3, No. 5 pp 10-13, 2014
  [32] J. Kisaka. Prevention of Drug and Substance Abuse in Secondary Schools: A Case of Garissa County, Kenya. Advances in Social Science Research Journal. Vol. 5. No. 12. pp 7-10, 2018
  [33] Gupta and Shaha. Drug/alcohol Addiction in India- Disturbing Trends. Indian Journal Psychiatry. Vol 2. No. 57 pp 275-278, 2015
  [34] A.G. Ese, and O.O. Rosemary, Drug Abuse and Self-medication among Youth: Causes and Consequences. Nigerian Journal of Education, Health and Technology research, Vol. 2 issue 3, pp.169-176, 2012
  [35] A. Bandura. Social Cognitive Theory of Self Regulation.. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes. Vol. 50. No. 2, pp. 248-287, 1991
  [36] G. Theodoros, and T. Olga, Social Learning Conceptualization for Substance Abuse: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions. The European Journal of Counselling Psychology vol 3. pp.69-88, 2014
  [37] M. McMurran, The Psychology Of Addiction. Routledge. pp 10-13, 1994
  [38] E.A Akintunde,., E.O Oyewopo,., L.S Bombom,., K.C. Nyango, and S.M. Maton, Distribution and Uses of Mine Ponds in Jos South LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria. African Journal of Geographical Sciences, Vol 2 pp 50-65, 2021
  [39] P. Agabus. Drug Abuse in Plateau State Scary, Alarming-NDLEA Daily Post.pp 1-6, 2017
  [40] W. I. Thomas and D.S. Thomas. The Child in America. 1928. In L. Bornman and W. Marx. Thomas Theorem in Research Evaluation. Scientometrics. Vol. 123, pp. 553-555, 2020

  Citation
  C.A. Akintunde, E.A. Akintunde, B.D. Gurumyen, "The Social Construction of Drug/Substance Abuse among Youths in Jos, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.9, pp.57-67, 2022