Volume-8 , Issue-1 , Jan 2022, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Inquiry-Based Learning As A Strategy in Teaching Earth and Life Science Among Grade 11 Learners

  E.M. Cabalang, M.N. Cabalang

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.1-5, Jan-2022

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  The main concern of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using Inquiry-Based Learning as a strategy in teaching Earth and Life Science among Grade 11 learners. There were two groups consisting of (30) Grade 11 learners in each group. The control group was taught Earth and Life Science using the traditional method and the experimental group was taught using the Inquiry-Based Learning Approach. Frequency, percentage and t-test were used to analyze data at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that both groups are equivalent on their prior knowledge in Earth and Life Science at the start of the study. T-test results also revealed that both the traditional method and the Inquiry-Based Learning Approach are effective in teaching Earth and Life Science among Grade 11 learners however those learners who were taught using Inquiry-Based Learning Approach obtained a significantly higher mean gain scores. These results led to the conclusion that integrating Inquiry-Based Learning Approach is more efficient and effective method of instruction in teaching Earth and Life Science than using the lecture method alone.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Inquiry-Based Learning, Earth and Life Science, Senior High School Learners, Teaching Strategy

  References
  [1] P. ?im?ek, F. Kabap?nar, ”The effects of inquiry-based learning on elementary students’ conceptual understanding of matter, scientific process skills and science attitudes,” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 1190-1194.
  [2] A. Abdi, “The effect of inquiry-based learning method on students` academic achievement in Science course,” Universal Journal of educational Research, 2(1), 37-41.
  [3] C. R.. Ault, J. Dodick, “Tracking the footprints puzzle: The problematic persistence of science?as?process in teaching the nature and culture of science,” Science Education, 94(6), 1092-1122.
  [4] C. J. Caswell, D. J. LaBrie, “Inquiry based learning from the learner’s point of view: A teacher candidate’s success story,” Journal of Humanistic Mathematics, 7(2), 161-186.
  [5] A. Letina, “Effectiveness of inquiry-based science and social studies teaching in the development of students` scientific competence,” Croatian Journal of Education: Hrvatski ?asopis za odgoj i obrazovanje, 18(3), 665-696.
  [6] H. L. Tuan, C. C Chin, C. C. Tsai, S. F. Cheng, “Investigating the effectiveness of inquiry instruction on the motivation of different learning styles students,”International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 3(4), 541-566.
  [7] R. Ergül, Y. ??m?ekl?, S. Çali?, Z. Özd?lek, ?. Göçmençeleb?, M. ?anli, “The effects of inquiry-based science teaching on elementary school students` science process skills and science attitudes,” Bulgarian Journal of Science & Education Policy, 5(1).
  [8] N. Panjwani, “Teachers` views on inquiry-based learning in science-A Case study from an international school,” (Master`s thesis, NTNU).
  [9] S. L. Mao, C. Y. Chang,” Impacts of an inquiry teaching method on earth science students` learning outcomes and attitudes at the secondary school level,” Proceedings-National Science Council Republic of China Part d Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 8, 93-101.
  [10] V. S. Andrini,” The effectiveness of inquiry learning method to enhance students` learning outcome: A theoretical and empirical review,” Journal of Education and Practice, 7(3), 38-42.
  [11] F. Wang, M. B. Kinzie, P. McGuire, E. Pan,” Applying technology to inquiry-based learning in early childhood education,” Early Childhood Education Journal, 37(5), 381-389.
  [12] M. Duran, ?. Dökme,” The effect of the inquiry-based learning approach on student`s critical-thinking skills,” Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 12(12).
  [13] K. D. Seraphin, J. Philippoff, L. Kaupp, L. M. Vallin,” Metacognition as means to increase the effectiveness of inquiry-based science education,” Science Education International, 23(4), 366-382.
  [14] K. K. McDonald, R. D. Hannafin, “Using web-based computer games to meet the demands of today’s high-stakes testing: A mixed method inquiry,” Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 35(4), 459-472.

  Citation
  E.M. Cabalang, M.N. Cabalang, "Inquiry-Based Learning As A Strategy in Teaching Earth and Life Science Among Grade 11 Learners," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.1-5, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Design and Fabrication of High Endurance Mapping Drone

  S. Sriram, S. Prashanth, S.R. Arun, M.G. Rajagopal

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.6-13, Jan-2022

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  Abstract
  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are now widely used in a variety of fields, including military, agricultural, mapping, surveillance, and search & rescue operations. The high endurance and aerial mapping concepts are proposed to design and fabricate the multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with increased flight time and integrated camera. The Quadcopter is also incorporated with an Arducopter flight controller and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) module for control and navigation. The camera on the optimized Quadcopter was triggered by a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal sent from the mission planning software. The operator plans out the mission for data capturing, after execution the drone navigates itself to the preferred location and starts the data capturing process. The software calculates the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates of a triggered camera during the mission and informs the operator about the drone`s current situation and progress. The data collected from the onboard camera is capable of creating a detailed map of the region that is mapped after post-processing. As a result, a huge amount of data can be gathered in a single mission by using a high endurance mapping drone.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  High Endurance, Global Positioning System, Mission Planning Software, Aerial Mapping, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, Quadcopter, Camera, Trigger

  References
  [1] B.M. Nyadar , A.I. Solola, P.l. Daudu, J. Yashi, “The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Remote Land Surveying and Mapping,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.7, Issue.3, pp.23-29, 2021.
  [2] Sandeeep Khajure, Vaibhav Surwade, Vivek Badak, “Quadcopter Design and Fabrication,” International Advanced Research Journal in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol.3, Issue.2, pp.33-34 2016.
  [3] Thomas. U. Omali, “Utilization of Remote Sensing and GIS in Geology and Mining,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.7, Issue.4, pp.17-24, 2021.
  [4] H.A. Alanazi, H.A. Ghrefat, “Spectral analysis of multispectral Landsat 7 and ASTER data for mapping land cover at QurayahSabkha, Northern Saudi Arabia,” Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol.41, Issue.4, pp.833-844, 2013.
  [5] S.M. Hassan, M.F. Sadek, “Geological mapping and spectral-based classification of basement rocks using remote sensing data analysis: The Korbiai-Gerfnappe complex, South Eastern Desert, Egypt,” Journal of African Earth Sciences Vol.13. Issue.4, pp.404-418, 2017.
  [6] Vijayanandh R, Mano S, Dinesh M, Senthil Kumar M, and Raj Kumar G, Design, “Fabrication and Simulation of Hexacopter for Forest Surveillance,” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol.12, No.12, pp.3879-3884, 2017.
  [7] K. N. Tahar, “Aerial Terrain Mapping Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Approach,” International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol.XXXIX-B7, pp.493-498, 2012.
  [8] J. D. Anderson, “Aircraft Performance and Design,” WCB/McGraw-Hill, Boston, pp.381-463, 1998.

  Citation
  S. Sriram, S. Prashanth, S.R. Arun, M.G. Rajagopal, "Design and Fabrication of High Endurance Mapping Drone," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.6-13, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  A Comparative Study on Land Use Change in Different Time Periods at Dhanmondi Residential Area

  Mirza Zubaed Hasan, Shaikh Mohammad Shamim Reza

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.14-20, Jan-2022

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  Abstract
  Dhanmondi residential area of Dhaka city is an extreme example of such an urban sprawl. This area has undergone radical changes in its physical form, not only in its vast territorial expansion, but also through internal physical transformations over the last decades. This study has focused to identify the pattern of land use conversion in Dhanmondi Residential Area during last 70 years. The main objective of this study was to find out the extent of land use transformation. In this study, the pattern of land use transformation has been examined by analyzing different data and land use maps of different years with the help of GIS tools. This research has also shown a comparison of Existing Land use with the Standards Recommended in DAP. Dhanmondi Residential Area has become an area of mixed land use. But the area was not designed for that. As a result, several civic problems arise which affecting day to day life of the inhabitants in this area. But this situation must not be continued. Appropriate policies and strategies should be taken to restore the habitable characteristics of Dhanmondi Residential Area.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Transformation; Residential area; Non-residential area; Land use, GIS, Dhaka

  References
  [1] A. Bayes, R. Hasan, S. Ahmad, “A Case Study of the Morphological Change of Four Wards of Dhaka city,” BURP Thesis, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 2008.
  [2] S. Hossain, “Rapid Urban Growth and Poverty in Dhaka City,” Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology, Vol.5, Issue 1, 2008.
  [3] K. Nahrin, “Urban Land Valuation in Dhaka City,” Plan Planners and People: Jahangirnagar University Planning Broschure, Momin Offest Press, Dhaka, 2006.
  [4] Zaman, Quazi, S.S.Y. Lau, “City Expansion Policy versus Compact City Demand: The Case of Dhaka,” Compact Cities: Sustainable Urban Forms for Developing Countries, pp. 141-152, 2000.
  [5] K. Nahrin, “Violation of Land Use Plan and Its Impact on Community Life in Dhaka City,” Jahangirnagar Planning Review, Vol. 6, pp. 39-47, 2008.
  [6] Bari, et. al., 2004 “Land use Pattern of old Dhaka: A Case Study of Ward No 68,” Unpublished BURP Thesis; Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 2004.
  [7] Nawaz, et. al., “Land (space) use analysis of Dhanmondi residential area and its comparison with old Dhaka,” Unpublished BURP Thesis, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 2004.
  [8] S.J. Nancy, “Effects of Commercialization on the Adjoining Residential Areas of Dhanmondi and Banani,” Unpublished MURP Thesis; Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 2004.
  [9] S. Shumi, “Commercial Impact on Dhanmondi Residential Area,” Unpublished BURP Thesis; Department of Urban and Regional Planning.Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 2006.
  [10] N. Khan, and F. Nilufar, “Spatial Logic of Morphological Transformation A Paradigm of Planned - Unplanned Areas in Dhaka city,” Published in the CD Proceedings of 7th Space Syntax Symposium, Organized by School of Architecture, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, 2009.
  [11] S.F. Chapin, et. al., “Urban Land use Planning,” University of Illinois press, Chicago, 1995.
  [12] Rajdhani Unnyan Kartipakkha (RAJUK), “Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (DMDP), 1995-2015,” Detailed Area Plan Vol. III, Dhaka, 1995.
  [13] Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), “Population Census—2011,” Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Dhaka, 2011.
  [14] RAJUK, “Dhaka Metropolitan- Area Development Plan (DMDP),” Rajdhani Unnayan Katriphakhy, Dhaka, 2008.
  [15] RAJUK, “Dhaka Metropolitan- Area Development Plan (DMDP),” Rajdhani Unnayan Katriphakhya, Dhaka, 1995.
  [16] BBS, “National Population Census 1991: Preliminary Report, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division,” Ministry of Planning, Government of Bangladesh (GoB), Dhaka, 1991.
  [17] BBS, “Population Census—2001, Zila Series,” Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Dhaka, 2001
  [18] BBS, “National Population Census 2001, Community series, Zila: Dhaka,” Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Government of Bangladesh, University Press Limited, Dhaka, 2003.
  [19] Alam, et. al., “Residential Scheme for High and Middle Income Groups in Dhaka City, Bangladesh,” Paper presented at the World Congress on Land Policy, July 1986, London, 1986.

  Citation
  Mirza Zubaed Hasan, Shaikh Mohammad Shamim Reza, "A Comparative Study on Land Use Change in Different Time Periods at Dhanmondi Residential Area," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.14-20, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  The Influence of Study Habits in the Academic Performance of Senior High School Students in Cagraray Island, Philippines

  Jay Mar A. Barcenas, Michael B. Bibon

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.21-28, Jan-2022

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  Abstract
  Study habits are important factors to sustain the academic performance of students. This quantitative study aims to explore the influence of study habits in the development of academic performance of 128 identified senior high school students at Cagraray island, Philippines. This was done through utilizing paper survey to gather the data from subjects. Descriptive and inferential statistics were considered to determine the study habits and measure its degree of relationship to the academic performance of students. Through means of proportion and ranking, the study revealed concentration on study habits like focusing on teacher while discussing, memorizing, and reviewing lessons in preparation to attending classes. However, the indicators such as creating and performing review schedules for exam (r2=0.064), reading (r2=0.057), and taking down notes (r2=0.042) were the most influential practices contributing to the academic performance of students, as supported by the results of coefficient of determination (r2), and yet these study habits were least practiced. Correlational test revealed low relationship (r=0.23) between overall study habits and academic performance of students indicating attribution of knowledge acquisition to other extraneous variances outside the scope of the present study. This study concluded the lack of awareness on the part of the senior high school students of Cagraray island, Philippines in determining the most effective and influential study habits that contribute in their academic performance. It was recommended to school, teachers, and students to provide a convenient class schedule, improve reading comprehension, and practice strategic note-taking as effective study habits to improve academic performance.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Study Habits, Academic Performance, Senior High School Students, Academic Influence

  References
  [1] F. Idriss, Z. Hassan, A. Ya’acob, S.K. Gill, & N.A.M Awal. “The Role of Education in Shaping Youth’s National Identity”, Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 59, pp. 443-450, 2011
  [2] C.A. Mace, “The Psychology of Study”, American Psychological Association: McBride, USA, 1932
  [3] J. Tus, F. Rayo, R. Lubo, & M.A. Cruz, “The Learners’ Study Habits and Its Relation on Their Academic Performance”, International Journal of All Writings, Vol. 2, Issue 6, pp. 1-19, 2020
  [4] J. Bentil, K. Esia-Donkoh, & R.A. Ghanney, “Study Habits o Students: Keys to Good Academic Performance in Public Junior High Schools in the Ekumfi District of Ghana”, International Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods, Vol. 6, No.3, pp. 10-23, 2018
  [5] N., Gujjar, A.A., Shaheen, G., & M. Ramzan, “A comparative study of the Study Habits of the Students from Formal and Non- Formal Systems of Education in Pakistan”, International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2, No. 14, pp. 175-186, n.d.
  [6] M.A.S. Relucio, “Factors Affecting the Study Habits of Grade Eleven Students in One National High School in Pangasinan, Philippines”, Southeast Asian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 4, Issue 1, pp. 89-97, 2019
  [7] S. Masud, S.H. Mufarrih, N.Q. Qureshi, F. Khan, S. Khan, & M.N. Khan, “Academic performance in Adolescent Students: The Role of Parenting Styles and Socio Demographic Factors- Across Sectional Study from Peshawar, Pakistan”, Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 10, Article No. 24397, pp. 1-12, 2019
  [8] T.T. York, C. Gibson, & S. Rankin, “Defining and Measuring Academic Success”, Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, Vol. 20, Article 5, pp. 1-20, 2015
  [9] N. Martin Sanz, I.G. Rodrigo, G.C. Izquierdo, & P.P. Ajenjo, “Exploring Academic Performance: Looking Beyond Numerical Grades”, Universal Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 5, No.7, pp. 1105-1112, 2017
  [10] O. Bright, & B.D. Matilda, “Study Habits and Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Rivers-West Senatorial District of Rivers State, Nigeria”, European Journal of Training and Development Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 8-18, 2018
  [11] E.A. Siahi, & J.K. Maiyo, “Study of the Relationship Between Study Habits and Academic Achievement of Students: A Case of Spicer Higher Secondary School, India”, International Journal of Education Administration and Policy Studies, Vol. 7, No. 7, pp. 134- 141, 2015
  [12] R. Nair, & U.K. Kulkarni, “Study Habits and it’s Impact on Academic Performance in English of Secondary School Students in Kalaburgi Region”, PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/ Egyptology, Vol. 17, No. 12, pp. 670-682, 2020
  [13] A.O. Sakirudeen, & K.B. Sanni, “Study Habits and Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Mathematic: A Case Study of Selected Secondary Schools in Uyo Local Education Council”, Research in Pedagogy, Vol. 7, Issue 2, pp. 283-297, 2017
  [14] Ibid (11).
  [15] H.R. Looyeh, S.F.S. Fazelpour, S.R. Masoule, M.M. Chehrzad, & E.K.N. Leili, “The Relationship Between the Study Habits and the Academic Performance of Medical Sciences Students”, Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, Vol. 27, Issue 2, pp. 65-73, 2017
  [16] P. Silverrajoo, & A. Hassan, “Relationship Between Study Skills and Academic Achievement Among Health Science Students”, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 8, No.7, pp. 763-780, 2018
  [17] L. MolokoMphale, & M.B. Mhlauli, “An Investigation on Students Academic Performance for Junior Secondary Schools in Botswana”, European Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 111- 127, n.d.
  [18] Ibid (6).
  [19] H. Jafari, A. Aghaei, & A. Khatony, “Relationship between study habits and academic achievement in students of medical sciences in Kermanshah-Iran”, Dovepress Journal: Advances in Medical Education and Practice, Vol. 10, pp. 637–643, 2019
  [20] Ibid (6).
  [21] Ibid (6).
  [22] T. Aytan, “The Effect of a Listening Education Course on the Listening Behaviors of Prospective Turkish Teachers”, International Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 254-262, 2016
  [23] M. Canpolat, S. Kuzu, B. Yildrim, & S. Canpolat, “Active Listening Strategies of Academically Successful University Students”, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, Issue No. 60, pp. 163-180, 2015
  [24] F.M. Sah, & P. M. Shah, “Teachers’ Beliefs and Preactices in Teaching Listening”, Science Research Publishing, Vol. 11, pp. 182-195, 2020
  [25] S.N. Gulo, “The Benefits of Skimming Technique in Reading Comprehension to the Second Semester Students of Sanata Dharma University”, [Unpublished Thesis] Sanata Dharma University, 2018
  [26] S.S. Sabbah, “The Effect of Study Habits on English Language Achievement”, Arab World English Journal, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 238-257, 2016
  [27] Ibid (3).
  [28] K.M. Abd, & A. Ghaffari, “Used to access students’ reading skills and learning and its relationship with the state and their educational background”, Studies of Education and Psychology of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Vol 11, No. 2, pp. 211-226, 2011
  [29] Ibid (11).
  [30] Ibid (16).
  [31] Ibid (10).
  [32] E. Uju, & O. Paul, “Study Habit and its Impact on Secondary School Students’ Academic Performance in Biology in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja”, Academic Journals Educational Research and Reviews, Vol. 12, No. 10, pp. 583-588, 2017
  [33] S. Balan, J.E. Katenga, & A. Simon, “Reading Habits and Their Influence on Academic Achievement Among Students at Asia Pacific International University”, Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference, Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp. 1490-1516, 2019
  [34] D. R. A. Firnas, A.M. H. Munas, & N. M. M. Rizvi, “Reading Habit and Its effect on Academic Performance of the Students of Advanced Technological Institute”, International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, Vol. 2, No. 10, pp. 934 – 942, 2021
  [35] T. Benevides, & S. S. Peterson, “Literacy attitudes, habits and achievements of future teachers”, Journal of Education for Teaching, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 291-302, 2010
  [36] I. I. Salame, & A. Thompson, “Students’ Views on Strategic Note-taking and its Impact on Performance, Achievement, and Learning”, International Journal of Instruction, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 1-16, 2020
  [37] J.M. Barcenas, & M. Bibon, “Coping Mechanism of Island School Students on the Problems Encountered in Modular Distance Learning”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol. 7, Issue 12, pp. 01-06, 2021
  [38] A.M. Taha, “Reading Habits Among Students and Their Effect on their Academic Performance: A Study of Students of a Public School in Al Ain City in the UAE”, Global Scientific Journals, Vol. 9, Issue 6, pp. 402-421, 2021

  Citation
  Jay Mar A. Barcenas, Michael B. Bibon, "The Influence of Study Habits in the Academic Performance of Senior High School Students in Cagraray Island, Philippines," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.21-28, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Harmonic Reduction of PWM AC Chopper fed capacitor run induction motor using Evaporation based water cycle Algorithm

  N. Murali, S. Gobimohan, R. Vidhya Prakash

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.29-34, Jan-2022

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  Abstract
  This paper exhibits performance enhancement of PWM AC chopper fed capacitor run induction motor by using optimization algorithm. The PWM AC chopper utilizes improved pulse width modulation technique by incorporating three pulses in quarter cycle. The switching instants are obtained optimally by evaporation based water cycle algorithm. The power quality parameters considered in this paper are total harmonic distortion of current, total harmonic distortion of voltage, power factor and efficiency. The simulation result shows that proposed algorithm shows better performance compared to conventional sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  optimization, ac chopper, harmonics, turn on instant, evaporation, streams

  References
  [1] K. Pandiarajan and C. Babulal, “Fuzzy harmony search algorithm based optimal power ?ow for power system security enhancement,” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol.78, pp.72–79, 2016.
  [2] S. Khunkitti, A. Siritaratiwat, S. Premrudeepreechacharn, R. Chatthaworn, and N. Watson, “A hybrid da-pso optimization algorithm for multiobjective optimal power ?ow problems, “Energies, Vol.11, Issue.9, pp.2270-2279, 2018.
  [3] M. Abdo, S. Kamel, M. Ebeed, J. Yu, and F. Jurado, “Solving nonsmooth optimal power ?ow problems using a developed grey wolf optimizer, “Energies, Vol.11, Issue.7, pp.1692-1702, 2018.
  [4] S Hao Liu, Jihong Wang, Senior Member, IEEE, and Oleh Kiselychnyk, Member, IEEE, “Mathematical Modeling and Control of a Cost Effective AC Voltage Stabilizer, “ IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.31, Issue.11, pp.8007-8016, November 2016.
  [5] Mohamed K. Metwaly , Haitham Z. Azazi, Said A. Deraz, Mohamed E. Dessouki , And Mohamed S. Zaky, “Power Factor Correction of Three-Phase PWM AC Chopper Fed Induction Motor Drive System Using HBCC Technique, “IEEE Access, Vol.7, pp. 43438-43452, 2019.
  [6] M. K. Metwaly, H. Z. Azazi, M. S. Zaky, and S. A. Deraz, “Power factor correction of four-switch three-phase inverter-fed sensorless induction motor drives with partial electrical free measurement, “ Electric Power Compon. Syst., Vol.46, Issue.7, pp. 837–851, 2018.
  [7] H. Z. Azazi, S. M. Ahmed, and A. E. Lashine, “Single-stage three-phase boost power factor correction circuit for AC–DC converter, “Int. J. Electron., Vol.105, Issue.1, pp. 30–41, 2018.
  [8] S.A.Deraz,H.Z.Azazi,M.S.Zaky,M.K.Metwaly, and M.E. Dessouki, “ Performance investigation of three-phase three-switch direct PWMAC/AC voltage converters, “IEEE Access ,Vol.7,pp.11485–11501,2019.
  [9] S. Mahendran, I. Gnanambal, and A. Maheswari, “FPGA-based genetic algorithm implementation for AC chopper fed induction motor, “Int. J. Electron., Vol.103,Issue.12, pp.2029–2041,2016.
  [10] Mahmoud A. Soliman , Hany M. Hasanien ,Ahmed Al-Durra and Ibrahim Alsaidan, “A Novel Adaptive Control Method for Performance Enhancement of Grid Connected Variable-Speed Wind Generators,” IEEE Access, Vol.8, pp.82617-82629, 2020.
  [11] Rubina Chaudhary, Snehlata Soni, "Assessment and Impact Study of Pesticides Residue Pollution in River Water: A Review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.1-14, 2019.
  [12] H. M. Hasanien, “Performance improvement of photovoltaic power systems using an optimal control strategy based on whale optimization algorithm, “Electr. Power Syst. Res., Vol.157, pp. 168–176, 2018.
  [13] H.M.Hasanien, “Gravitational search algorithm-based optimal control of archimedes wave swing-based wave energy conversion system supplying a DC microgrid under uncertain dynamics, “IET Renew. Power Gener., Vol.11,Issue.6, pp.763–770, 2017.
  [14] S. Tamilarasan, P.K. Sharma, “A Survey on Dynamic Resource Allocation in MIMO Heterogeneous Cognitive Radio Networks based on Priority Scheduling,” International Journal of Scientific Research In Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.5, No.1, pp.53-59, 2017.
  [15] Rubina Chaudhary, Snehlata Soni, "Assessment and Impact Study of Pesticides Residue Pollution in River Water: A Review," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.4, pp.1-14, 2019.

  Citation
  N. Murali, S. Gobimohan, R. Vidhya Prakash, "Harmonic Reduction of PWM AC Chopper fed capacitor run induction motor using Evaporation based water cycle Algorithm," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.29-34, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Delving for the Potential Predictors of Psychological Well-being of Public-school Educators and Instructional Leaders through Hierarchical Ordinal Logistic Regression Model

  C.C.O. Relleve

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.35-39, Jan-2022

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  Abstract
  This study aimed to delve into the potential predictors of Psychological Well-being (PWB) of Public-school Educators and Instructional Leaders amid the global pandemic COVID-19. Quantitative-Descriptive and Predictive methods were utilized in this research. Five hundred fifty-one (551) public-school teachers and instructional leaders were the respondents of this study. Three regression models were built to delve into the potential predictors of PWB: Gender, Designation, Age, and Length of Service were the predictors for Model 1, Grit was added in Model 2, then Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction (Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness) adjoined in Model 3. The results revealed that: (1) Grit level is Very Gritty; (2) Psychological Needs Satisfaction in terms of Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness are Often Satisfied; (3) Psychological Well-being is High; (4) Age predicts Psychological Well-being; (5) similarly, Age and Grit predict Psychological Well-being in Model 2; (6) and in the final model, Age, Designation, Grit, Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness Satisfactions at work predict the Psychological Well-being of the public-school instructional leaders and classroom teachers.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Well-being, Grit, Psychological Need Satisfaction, Instructional Leaders, Public-school teachers

  References
  [1] M. T. Hebebci, Y. Bertiz, and S. Alan, “Investigation of Views of Students and Teachers on Distance Education Practices during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic,” International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 267–282, Sep. 2020.
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  [4] “June 19, 2020, DO 012, 2020 – Adoption of the Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan for School Year 2020-2021 in the Light of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency | Department of Education.”
  [5] S. Pokhrel and R. Chhetri, “A Literature Review on Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Teaching and Learning,” Higher Education for the Future, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 133–141, Jan. 2021.
  [6] M. Treve, “What COVID-19 has introduced into education: challenges Facing Higher Education Institutions (HEIs),” Higher Education Pedagogies, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 212–227, Jan. 2021.
  [7] N. Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N. Berasategi Santxo, N. Idoiaga Mondragon, and M. Dosil Santamaría, “The Psychological State of Teachers During the COVID-19 Crisis: The Challenge of Returning to Face-to-Face Teaching,” Front. Psychol., vol. 11, p. 620718, Jan. 2021.
  [8] R. Oteer, “Stress at Work and Its Subsequent Problems among Teachers of the Public Schools Which Operate the School-Based Violence Reduction Program (VRP) in Tulkarm Governorate,” World Journal of Education, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 26, Jun. 2015.
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  [15] A. L. Duckworth, C. Peterson, M. D. Matthews, and D. R. Kelly, “Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals.,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. 1087–1101, 2007.
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  [20] M. Akbag and D. Ümmet, Predictive Role of Grit and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction on Subjective Well-Being for Young Adults, vol. 8. 2017.
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  Citation
  C.C.O. Relleve, "Delving for the Potential Predictors of Psychological Well-being of Public-school Educators and Instructional Leaders through Hierarchical Ordinal Logistic Regression Model," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.35-39, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Effect of Dividend Policy on Share Price Volatility in Nairobi Securities Exchange

  Harwood Kajirwa Isabwa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.40-47, Jan-2022

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  Abstract
  Share price volatility has been a major concern in the financial sector around the world. There has been an increase in the risk of investor suffering losses that has resulted in the rise in concerns about the stability of the market and the wider economy if share price volatility levels go beyond a certain threshold. Dividend policy being a major decision in financial management remains an unresolved issue in corporate finance. This study therefore sought to ascertain the effect of dividend policy on share price volatility in Nairobi Securities Exchange. The researcher gathered data of 35 companies between 2014 and 2019. Predictor variables were dividend payout and dividend yield while the outcome variable was share price volatility. In addition to descriptive statistics both correlation and regression analysis were conducted using E-views. Fixed effect model results revealed that the dividend yield has a significant positive effect on share price volatility (? = 0.2704, p < 0.000). Firm Size has a significant negative effect on share price volatility (? = -0.0478, p < 0.000). Dividend payout ratio had a significant positive effect on share price volatility (? = 0.8319, p < 0.000) while leverage had a non-significant positive effect on share price volatility (? =0.0028, p> 0.000). The study concluded that dividend policy has a significant effect on share price volatility. The study recommended that corporate managers of the firms listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange can use dividend policy as a tool to control or manage share price volatility.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Dividend Policy, Share Price Volatility, Fixed Effect Model, Random Effect Model

  References
  [1] P. Hongyu, Z. Zhichao, “Forecasting Financial Volatility: Evidence from Chinese Stock Market,” Working Paper in Economics and Finance No. 06/02.University of Durham. 2006.
  [2] H. Guo, “Stock Market Returns, Volatility, and Future Output,” Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis, Vol. 84, Issue 5, pp. 75-84. 2002.
  [3] H.M.Kamuti, “The Dynamic Relationship between Stock Price Volatility and Trading Volume at the Nairobi Securities Exchange,” Journal of Financial Economics, Vol 2, Issue 2, pp. 51-59. 2011.
  [4] D.T. Nguyen, M.H. Bui, H.D. Do, “The Relationship of Dividend Policy and Share Price Volatility: A Case of Vietnam,” Annals of Economics and Finance, Vol 20, Issue 1, pp. 123-136. 2019.
  [5] K.Hussainey, O.C. Mgbame, A.M. Chijoke-Mgbame, Dividend Policy and Share Price volatility: UK Evidence. The Journal of Risk Finance, Vol12, Issue 1, pp.57-68. 2011.
  [6] M.A. Khan, “Impact of Dividend Policy on Share Price Volatility for Companies Listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange,” International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, Vol 10, Issue 17, pp. 1-10. 2019.
  [7] N. S. Pandey, N. Ashvini, “A Study on Determinants of Dividend Policy: Empirical Evidence from FMCG Sector in India,” Pacific Business Review International, Vol 1, Issue 1, pp. 135-141. 2016.
  [8] H. Ullah, S.E. Saqib, H. Usman, “The Impact of Dividend Policy on Stock Price Volatility: A Case Study of Selected Firms from Textile Industry in Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, Vol 4, Issue 3, pp. 40-51. 2015.
  [9] M. H. Miller, F. Modigliani, “Dividend Policy and Market Valuation: A Reply. The Journal of Business, Vol 36, Issue 1, pp. 116-119. 1963.
  [10] J. Baskin, “Dividend Policy and the Volatility of Common Stocks,” The Journal of Portfolio Management, Vol 5, Issue 3, pp. 19-25. 1989.
  [11] S.C. Myers, N.S. Majluf, “Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions when Firms have Information that Investors do not have (No. w1396).National Bureau of Economic Research. 1984.
  [12] M.J. Gordon, “Optimal Investment and Financing Policy. The Journal of Finance, Vol 18, Issue 2, pp. 264-272. 1963.
  [13] L. Kengatharan, J.S.D. Ford, “Factors Determining the Share Price Volatility: Evidence from Listed Companies in Sri Lanka,” Indonesian Management and Accounting Research, Vol 18, Issue 2, pp. 106-126. 2019.
  [14] M.A. Ahmad, A.M.S. Alrjoub, H.M. Alrabba, “The Effect of Dividend Policy on Stock Price Volatility: Empirical Evidence from Amman Stock Exchange,” Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, Vol 22, Issue 2, pp.1-8. 2018.
  [15] A.A. Tijjani, M.N. Alifiah, G.K. Wakil, “The Impact of Dividend Policy on the Shareholders Value of Listed Firms in the Nigerian Petroleum Marketing Industry. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), Vol 8, Issue 2, pp. 902-905. 2019.
  [16] A.Mladenoska, “The Impact of Dividend Policy on Share Price Volatility in the Macedonian Stock Market,” Journal of Contemporary Economic and Business Issues, Vol 4, Issue 2, pp. 37-50. 2017.
  [17] C.P.Shin, R. Hasan, “Effect of Dividend Policy on Share Price Volatility in the Malaysian Stock Market. International Tourism and Hospitality Journal, Vol 2, Issue 2, pp. 1-8. 2019.
  [18] F.A. Gabow, “Effect of Dividend Policy on the Volatility of Share Price of Commercial Banks Listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange,” Journal of Finance and Accounting, Vol1, Issue 1, pp. 73-84.2017.
  [19] A.D. Ahmed, “Dividend Policy and Share Price Volatility of Nigerian Oil and Gas Industries,” Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol 6, Issue. 1, pp. 17-29, 2018.
  [20] F.K. Al-Shawawreh, “The Impact of Dividend Policy on Share Price Volatility: Empirical Evidence from the Jordanian Stock Market,” European Journal of Business and Management, Vol 6, Issue 38, pp. 133-143. 2014.
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  Citation
  Harwood Kajirwa Isabwa, "Effect of Dividend Policy on Share Price Volatility in Nairobi Securities Exchange," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.40-47, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Teaching Strategies Employed by Mathematics Teachers: Basis for Proposed Activities

  Jennifer Ranoy Bulawit

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.48-55, Jan-2022

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  Abstract
  Teaching strategies play an essential role in teaching and learning. Through this, the student`s learning process, especially those who find mathematics a complex subject, becomes interesting, making them more enthusiastic in dealing with Mathematical concepts. This study aimed to determine the effective strategies mathematics teachers employ to improve the students` interests and study habits. In the light of the findings obtained, the identified teaching strategies that Mathematics teachers permanently employ are recalling past knowledge, showing Sequential Achievement, indicating the usefulness of the topic, using recreational mathematics, telling Pertinent stories, and involving students actively. While, they "often" employ strategies to discover patterns, presenting a challenge and attracting students` interest. Since Mathematics teachers and students generally have parallel perceptions of the teaching strategies used by the Mathematics teachers, there are proposed activities that will match the result of the study. These proposed activities might be helpful in Mathematics teachers who never cease to find ways to motivate their students to enjoy Mathematics.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Teaching Strategies, Sequential Achievement, Teaching-Learning Process, Recreational Mathematics

  References
  [1] Mariñas, "Improving Academic Achievement Through Improved Study Habits and Attitudes," 2015.
  [2] Buchanan, "An Educated Population Is Essential to a Nation`s Prosperity, yet Some Politicians Are Demonizing Our Educational System for Political Advantage," 2012.
  [3] Posamentier, "9 Strategies for Motivating Students in Mathematics," 2013.
  [4] Ekwensi, et al., "Learning Strategies or Instructional Strategies," 2006.
  [5] Abadines, "4 Creative Teaching Strategies," 2011.
  [6] G. Anthony & M. Walshaw, "Effective Pedagogy in Mathematics," 2009.
  [7] Krumholz, "7 Effective Core Teaching Strategies That You Need To Know," 2016.
  [8] Gruber, "Common-Core Classroom Strategies: Teacher Ideas," 2012.
  [9] Illustre, "Learning Styles and Strategies of High School Freshmen: Basis for A Proposed Enhanced Classroom Activities," 2010.
  

  Citation
  Jennifer Ranoy Bulawit, "Teaching Strategies Employed by Mathematics Teachers: Basis for Proposed Activities," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.48-55, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Identification and Classification of Oil Palm Maturity Using Machine Learning Techniques

  Murinto, M. Rosyda

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.56-62, Jan-2022

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  Abstract
  Oil palm is the main plantation crop in Indonesia, oil palm is the most efficient producer of vegetable oil. Oil palm fruit is one of the fruits that has a certain level of maturity in a relatively fast time. The distribution of oil palm fruit in various regions makes it important to identify and classify the maturity of oil palm fruit based on its maturity level. The degree of ripeness of the bunches at harvest is closely related to the oil content contained in the fruit. Accuracy problems are often encountered in research related to image classification. One challenge that arises is finding an appropriate representation of the data so that important structures of the data can be seen easily. One of the processes carried out to get better accuracy is the segmentation process. Through the use of proper segmentation techniques, the desired accuracy will be obtained. One of the techniques used in the segmentation method is to use the swarm optimization technique and its derivatives. In this study, identification and classification will be implemented using particle swarm optimization (PSO) at thresholding image segmentation in order to obtain better segmentation results when compared to the previous method. The classification is based on existing machine learning techniques, namely support vector machine (SVM). the accuracy rate for the classification of palm fruit maturity based on texture using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method is obtained, which reaches 92.5%. From the accuracy obtained, it can be concluded that the method used to identify and classify in this study is good.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Classification, Particle Swarm Optimization, Support Vector Machine

  References
  [1]. R. V. Kulkarni., G. K. Venayagamoorthy, “Bio-inspired algorithms for autonomous deployment and localization of sensor nodes,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C Appl. Rev., 2010.
  [2]. Murinto., N.R.D.P Astuti, & M.M Mardhia, “Multilevel Thresholding Hyperspectral Image Segmentation Based on Independent Component and Swarm Optimization Methods”, International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics, 5(1), pp.66-75, 2019.
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  [4]. N. Otsu, “Threshold selection method from gray-level histogram,” IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern, 1979.
  [5]. J. Kennedy., R. Eberhart, “Particle swarm optimization,” in IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks - Conference Proceedings, 1995.
  [6]. A. Nickabadi, M. M. Ebadzadeh, & R. Safabakhsh, “A novel particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive inertia weight,” Appl. Soft Comput. J., 2011.
  [7]. V.Jain., A.Jain., A. K. Dubey, “Comparative Study between FA, ACO, and PSO Algorithms for Optimizing Quadratic Assignment Problem,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.2, pp.76-81, 2018.
  [8]. Murinto., N.R.D.P.Astuti, “Feature reduction using minimum noise fraction and principal component analysis transforms for improving the classification of hyperspectral image”. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 22(1), 2017.
  [9]. I.L.Mahargya., G.F. Shidik,"Improvement Support Vector Machine Using Genetic Algorithm in Farmers Term of Trade Prediction at Central Java Indonesia," International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 2261-2269, 2020.
  [10]. A.Aufar, I.S. Sitanggang., Annisa,"Parameter Optimization of Rainfall-runoff Model GR4J using Particle Swarm Optimization on Planting Calendar," International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 2575-2581, 2020.
  [11]. Z. Rustam.,D.A.Utami, R.Hidayat., J. Pandelaki & W. A. Nugroho,"Hybrid Preprocessing Method for Support Vector Machine for Classification of Imbalanced Cerebral Infarction Datasets," International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 685-691, 2019.
  [12]. M. A. Ismail. V. Mezhuyev., I. Darmawan. S.K.Mohd, S. Mohamad &A.O. Ibrahim,"Optimization of Biochemical Systems Production Using Combination of Newton Method and Particle Swarm Optimization," International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 753-758, 2019.
  [13]. A. Bustamam, D. Sarwinda, B. Abdillah & T.P. Kaloka,"Detecting Lesion Characteristics of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Machine Learning and Computer Vision," International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1367-1373, 2020.
  [14]. R. Qayyum, K. Kamal, T. Zafar and S. Mathavan, "Wood defects classification using GLCM based features and PSO trained neural network," 22nd International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC), pp. 273-277, 2016.
  [15]. B. Wang, Y. Sun, B. Xue & M. Zhang, "Evolving Deep Convolutional Neural Networks by Variable-Length Particle Swarm Optimization for Image Classification," IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), pp. 1-8, 2018.
  [16]. C. Zhang, X. Liu, G. Wang &Z. Cai, "Particle Swarm Optimization Based Deep Learning Architecture Search for Hyperspectral Image Classification," IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, pp. 509-512, 2020.
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  Citation
  Murinto, M. Rosyda, "Identification and Classification of Oil Palm Maturity Using Machine Learning Techniques," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.56-62, 2022

• Open Access   Article

  Social Media’s Role in the Time Management of Senior High School Students During Online Classes

  G.A. Amolato, J.L. Saguil

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp.63-68, Jan-2022

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  Abstract
  Social media is a way of people connecting and socializing with friends and relatives without personally meeting them, especially today that we are in the middle of a pandemic. But social media also affects the time management of people in doing their tasks, especially towards students. This study focuses on social media`s role in the time management during online classes of selected grade 11 and grade 12 senior high school students. in Pasay City, Philippines This study uses the qualitative research design and convenience sampling as its sampling technique. The data was gathered through a semi-structured interview. Respondents were interviewed one by one on zoom meetings. Gathered data shows that three main factors are affecting senior high school students` social media usage: online classes, the content social media has to offer, and the short attention span of students. Social media pose a negative impact on senior high school students` time management during online classes. The participants claim that social media messes up their schedule; their focus shifts to social media instead of listening to class, which slows their pace. By doing physical activities and applying ways to control social media usage, social media’s impact on time management during online classes can be mitigated. Recommendations were given after drawing conclusions.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Social Media. Time Management, Online Classes, Senior High School Students

  References
  [1] T. Ratnesh. “How Social Media Affects Student Time Management”, from https://seeromega.com/how-social-media-affects-student-time Management, 2019.
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  [4] G, Todorov, “The Importance Of Time Management In Online Learning.”, from https://elearningindustry.com/time-management-in-online-learning-importance, 2017.
  [5] B. Worthy, “10 Time Management Ideas to Complete an Online Course”, from https://www.gmrtranscription.com/blog/time-management-ideas-to complete-online-course, 2021.
  [6] N. Batbaatar, G. Amin, “Students` time management during online class.”, 2021.
  [7] H. Lim, “Affects of Social Media on Time Management - Term Paper”, from https://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay on/Affects-Of-Social-Media-On-Time/433325, 2018.
  [8] F. Giunchiglia, M. Zeni, E. Gobbi, E. Bignotti, I. Bison, “Mobile social media usage and academic performance”., from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0747563217307 276, 2018.
  [9] W. Jacobsen, R. Forste, “The Wired Generation: Academic and Social Outcomes of Electronic Media Use Among University Students.”, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, And Social Networking, 14(5), 275-280. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2010.0135, 2011.
  [10] W. Othman, Z. Fariha, N. Ngah, “Impact of Social Media Usage on Students Academic Performance in Terengganu, Malaysia”, 7. 140-144., 2017
  [11] D. Asfaha, “Social Media Has Helped Us Stay Connected Around The World, But Its Effects Are Not All Good.”, from https://www.theodysseyonline.com/social-media-pros-cons, 2018
  [12] A. Geigel, “The Top 5 Biggest Distractions When Taking Online Classes” from https://www.uloop.com/news/view.php/242996/The-Top-5-Biggest-Distractions-When-Taking-Online-Classes, 2017
  [13] American Psychological Association, “Multitasking: Switching costs.”, from https://www.apa.org/research/action/multitask, 2018
  [14] N. Kokemuller, “Online Learning Vs. Classroom Learning”, from https://classroom.synonym.com/online-learning-vs-classroom-learning-4190.html, 2017
  [15] C. Francisco, “Effectiveness of an Online Classroom for Flexible Learning.” International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR), Vol. 4, Issue 8, 2020
  [16] R. Marvin, “How to Wean Yourself Off Smartphones and Social Media.”, from https://sea.pcmag.com/gallery/20618/how-to-wean-yourself-off smartphones-and-social-media, 2019

  Citation
  G.A. Amolato, J.L. Saguil, "Social Media’s Role in the Time Management of Senior High School Students During Online Classes," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.8, Issue.1, pp.63-68, 2022