Volume-7 , Issue-11 , Nov 2021, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Port Infrastructural Development and the Nigerian Economy

  I. Njoku, T. C. Nwachukwu, B.S. Olisa

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp.1-12, Nov-2021

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  This research critically examines the influence of quality of port infrastructure on port performance and its relative impact on the Nigerian economy. A time-series secondary data on port infrastructure quality index (PIQI), GDP per capita, Cargo throughput, Ship turnaround time, and Liner shipping connectivity index (LSCI) were obtained from World Bank database and NPA annual bulletins. These data were analyzed using multi linear Regression with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS V.20). The result of the Regression analysis reveals that the quality of port infrastructure in Nigeria increases GDP per capita by 96.9% for every one percent increase in port infrastructure, reduces Ship turnaround time by 29.1% for every one percent increase in port infrastructure, increases by 20.9% for a percent increase in Liner Shipping Connectivity and increases by 55.6% for a percent increase in Cargo Throughput. It was however recommended that, in the wake of declining oil prices and revenue loss, the federal government should muster economic policies that can develop the maritime sector, by encouraging private sector investment with less risk in the port areas, since ports are industrial clusters that are capable of employing many people. Conclusively, the presence of social and economic infrastructures can facilitate and accelerate socio-economic development

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Infrastructure, economy, impact, shipping, throughput, investment

  References
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  Citation
  I. Njoku, T. C. Nwachukwu, B.S. Olisa, "Port Infrastructural Development and the Nigerian Economy," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.1-12, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  New Rotor Design of Direct On-Line Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Efficiency Improvement

  Mandar Chaudhari, Anandita Chowdhury

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp.13-18, Nov-2021

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  The superior features like rugged and simple construction and direct online starting of induction motors lead to its diversified application. However, the obligation towards reduction of the carbon emission needs highly efficient motors. Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRM) possesses the same merits as induction motors. Also, SynRM has an upper edge over Permanent Magnet motor technologies and switched reluctance motor technologies because of cost-effectiveness. The work described in this paper addresses new rotor design modification of the existing induction motor rotor for constant speed applications with improved efficiency. The novel design is based on the variations in barrier size and its placement. The analysis is carried out using Finite Element software. A 1/2HP induction motor as a reference motor has been utilized for the proposed conversion to direct online SynRM (DOL-SynRM). The modified motor has been investigated to determine its synchronous operation as well as its efficiency. The results demonstrated the size and location of the barrier greatly affect the performance of direct online SynRM. The analysis determined the best-fit size of the barrier to evaluating the optimum performance.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Induction motors, direct on line, synchronous reluctance , finite element, barrier

  References
  [1] Aníbal T. de Almeida, Fernando J. T. E. Ferreira, GeBaoming, “Beyond Induction Motors—Technology Trends to Move Up Efficiency”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 2103-2114, June 2014.
  [2] S. N. Bora, "Development of BLDC Motor Based Elevator System Suitable for DC Microgrid", International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, vol.5, no.10, pp.18-22, October 2019.
  [3] A. G. Yetgin and M. Turan, “Efficiency optimization of slitted–core induction motor,” Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 60–64, 2014.
  [4] Carlos Verucchi, Cristian Ruschetti, Esteban Giraldo, Guillermo Bossio, José Bossio, “ Efficiency optimization in small induction motors using magnetic slot wedges”, Electric Power Systems Research, vol.152, p.p 1–8, 2017.
  [5] Lieutenant J., Ganesan, S. Jeyadevi, D. Edison Selvaraj, “Energy efficient single phase induction motor”, Fifth international conference on Advances in Recent Technologies in Communication and Computing, IET, Banglore, Sept.2013. pp. 436-439.
  [6] Pritish Kumar Ghosh, Pradip Kumar Sadhu , RajuBasak, AmarnathSanyal, “ Energy efficient design of three phase induction motor by water cycle algorithm”, Ain Ahams Engineering Journal, vol.11, no.4, pp. 1139-1147, Jan.2020.
  [7] Mallard V., Parent G., Demian, C., Brudny J.F., Delamotte A., “Increasing the energy efficiency of induction machines by the use of grain-oriented magnetic materials and die casting copper squirrel cage in the rotor”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications., , vol. 55, no.2, pp. 1280–1289, April 2019.
  [8] Zhang, Q., Liu H., Zhang Z., Song T., “A cast copper rotor induction motor for small commercial EV traction: Electromagnetic design, analysis, and experimental tests”, CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, vol. no. 4, pp. 417–424, Dec. 2018.
  [9] Kong Y., Lin M., Jia L., “A novel high-power density permanent-magnet synchronous machine with wide speed range”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 56, no.2, pp. 1–6, Feb. 2020.
  [10]Pellegrino G., Jahns T.M., Bianchi N., Soong W., Cupertino F., “The Rediscovery of Synchronous Reluctance and Ferrite Permanent Magnet Motors”, Springer Cham, Switzerland, 2016.
  [11]K. Vijayakumar, R. Karthikeyan, S. Paramasivam, R. Arumugam, K. N. Srinivas, “Switched Reluctance Motor Modeling, Design, Simulation, and Analysis: A Comprehensive Review”, IEEE Transactions On Magnetics, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 4605-4617, Dec. 2008.
  [12]Dong-Hee Lee, TrungHieu Pham, Jin-Woo Ahn, “Design and Operation Characteristics of Four-Two Pole High-Speed SRM for Torque Ripple Reduction”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 9, 3637-3643, Sept. 2013.
  [13]Yasuei Yoneoka?Kan Akatsu, “An Optimized Design of High-Efficiency Switched Reluctance Motor with Single-Phase Input Operation”, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Beijing ,Aug. 2011.
  [14]Clemens Muller, Ulrich Schwarzer, “Motor handbook”, Infineon Technologies, Version 2, 2019.
  [15] J. K. Kostko, “Polyphase reaction synchronous motors”, Journal of American Institute of Electrical Engineers, vol. 42, no. 11, pp. 1162-1168, Nov. 1923.
  [16]Samad Taghipour Boroujeni, Mortaza Haghparast, Nicola Bianchi, “Optimization of flux barriers of Line start Synchronous reluctance motors for transient and staedy state operation”, Electric power components and systems, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 594-606, Feb. 2015.
  [17]Alessandro Castagnini, Lucia Frosini, Michele Maggi, Mattia Pinna, “Design and Test of a Novel Direct-On-Line Synchronous Reluctance Motor”, 21st European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE `19 ECCE Europe), Genova, Italy, 3-5 Sept. 2019.
  [18]Hyunwoo Kim, Yeji Park, Huai-Cong Liu, Pil-Wan Han, Ju Lee, “Study on Line-Start Permanent Magnet Assistance Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Improving Efficiency and Power Factor”, Energies , vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 384, Jan. 2020.
  [19]Nezih Gokhan Ozcelik, Ugur Emre Dogru, Murat Imeryuz, Lale T. Ergene," Synchronous Reluctance Motor vs. Induction Motor at Low-Power Industrial Applications: Design and Comparison", Energies, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 2190, Jun. 2019.
  [20]Boroujeni S.T., Bianchi, N.,Alberti, L., “Fast Estimation of Line-Start Reluctance Machine Parameters by Finite Element Analysis”, IEEE Transactions of Energy Conversion, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1–8, Mar. 201.
  [21]LiuH.C., Hong H.S., Cho S., Lee J., Jin C.S.,“Bubbles and Blisters Impact on Diecasting Cage to the Designs and Operations of Line-Start Synchronous Reluctance Motors”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. Jun. 2017.
  [22]M. Gamba, E. Armando, G. Pellegrino, A. Vagati, B. Janjic, J. Schaab, “Line-Start Synchronous Reluctance Motors: Design Guidelines and Testing via Active Inertia Emulation”, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Montreal,Canada, Sept. 2015.
  [23]Nicola Bianchi," Electrical Machine Analysis using Finite Element", CRC press, 2005.
  [24]I. Boldea," Induction Machine Handbook”, CRC press, 3rd edition, 2020.
  [25]Lee B. H, Hong J. P, Lee J. H, “Optimum Design Criteria for Maximum Torque and Efficiency of a Line-Start Permanent-Magnet Motor using response surface methodology and finite element method”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 863-866, Feb. 2012.
  [26]Li N, Zhu J, Lin M, Yang G, Kong Y, Hau L, “Analysis of axial field flux-switching memory machines based on 3-d magnetic equivalent circuit network considering magnetic hysteresis”, IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, vol. 55, no. 6, Jun. 2019.
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  Citation
  Mandar Chaudhari, Anandita Chowdhury, "New Rotor Design of Direct On-Line Synchronous Reluctance Motor for Efficiency Improvement," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.13-18, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Adaptation to Foreign Schools in Southeast Asia of Filipino ESL Teachers

  Albert Cadiz Bulawat

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp.19-23, Nov-2021

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  Abstract
  English language teaching and learning are critical for the development of the country and its people. English language teaching has grown in popularity throughout Southeast Asia, both among native and non-native English speaker-teachers. However, only a few studies have been conducted to define and characterize English language education. This study examined the experiences and adaptations of ten Filipino English teachers and their perspectives on teaching English as a foreign language in Southeast Asia. The technique used was Questionnaires were distributed via Google forms and shared on various Facebook groups for Filipino ESL teachers working in Southeast Asian schools. While Filipino teachers are enthusiastic about teaching English to international students, the findings indicate that they encountered challenges with students` attitudes and behavior and social, cultural, environmental, and language barriers, which harmed their teaching efficiency. Language barriers frequently hampered the teaching process, as students` native tongues are frequently dissimilar to teachers`, resulting in miscommunication. Parental involvement and social contact in a foreign environment were two of the most frequent difficulties encountered by Filipino ESL teachers. They devised a variety of strategies to meet these demands in response to these obstacles. The implications are discussed, and future research is recommended.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cultural Challenges, Coping Mechanisms, ESL Teachers, Language Barriers, Second Language Learning

  References
  [1] S. Kang, & H. Pashler, "Learning Painting Styles: Spacing is Advantageous when it Promotes Discriminative Contrast," Applied Cognitive Psychology, Vol 26, pp. 97-103, 2012.
  [2] P.T., Vu, "English in Southeast Asian countries. Literature," ffdumas-00931949f, 2012
  [3] M.B., Ulla, "Teacher training in Myanmar: teachers` perceptions and implications," International Journal of Instruction, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 103–18, 2017.
  [4] L.K., Kiramba, JA, Oloo, “It’s OK. She Doesn`t Even Speak English": Narratives of Language, Culture, and Identity Negotiation by Immigrant High School Students. "Urban Education," 2019.
  [5] J.V., Victoria, S.O., Fernandez, S. O., M.L., Lucas-Go, X.N., Wei, & E. L. E. N. A. D. CUVIN, "Filipino teachers` experiences in embracing vision, mission, and objectives of Foreign Schools," International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, Vol. 6, No. 10, pp. 41–52, 2018.
  [6] C.P., Frederiksen, "Filipino EFL teachers working abroad: some benefits and downsides for English teachers working abroad," 2014.

  Citation
  Albert Cadiz Bulawat, "Adaptation to Foreign Schools in Southeast Asia of Filipino ESL Teachers," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.19-23, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Trend Analysis of Boat Accidents and Causes in the Waterways of Nigeria

  C.U. Akpudo

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp.24-29, Nov-2021

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  Abstract
  Nigeria has a vast network of water transportation that allows easier and cheaper transportation to the urban and rural areas. However, frequent accidents within coastal and inland waterways have caused significant loss of human lives and properties. This paper statistically analyzed the boat accidents data from 2010 to 2021. The research made use of secondary data that was collected from the Nigeria watch database which sources information from Nigerian press corporations. The statistical tools adopted for data analysis include line charts, bar charts. The study observed a total of 2346 lives, were lost to 266 causalities of boat accidents between 2010 to October 2021. The highest number of fatalities was recorded in 2021. The study established that the major cause of boat accidents in Nigeria is human-related factors (67.21%) followed by natural factors (22.13%). The study indicates that passenger boats (52.46%) and Cargo boats (14.21%) are the highest boat types responsible for accidents in Nigeria waterways. Finally, some recommendations are proposed for the improvement of water transport safety in Nigeria.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Water transportation, Causalities, Fatalities, Boat Accidents

  References
  [1] E.O. Ita and J.K. Sado, “Inventory Survey of Nigeria Inland Waters and their Fishery Resources, Nigeria,’ pp. 121-129, 1985.
  [2] M.O. Obeta, “The Characteristics of Inland Water Transport in Nigeria,” OSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, Vol.19, No.3, pp.119-126, 2014.
  [3] B.C. Obedi, “A Critical Assessment of the Inland Waterways Operations and Management of the Development of Nigerian Maritime Industry,” Greener Journal of Environmental Management and Public Safety, Vol.2, Issue.2, pp.99-117, 2013.
  [4] V.N. Ukoji and V.U. Ukoji, “Boat Accidents in Nigeria: General Trends and Risk Factors (June 2006-May 2015),” Journal of Adv. Research Humani. Social Sci., Vol.2, Issue.4, pp.1-9, 2015.
  [5] C.U. Akpudo, “Assessment of the Operation, Demand and Supply of Inland Waterways Transportation in Nigeria,” FUTA Publiser, Nigeria, pp.1-234, 2021.
  [6] C.U. Akpudo and S.M. Stephens, “Operational characteristics and supply inland waterways transportation service in the coastal area of Anambra State, Nigeria,” African Journal of Science Policy and Innovation Management, Vol.1, No.2, pp.38-49, 2020.
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  Citation
  C.U. Akpudo, "Trend Analysis of Boat Accidents and Causes in the Waterways of Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.24-29, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Open access in Silico Tools to predict the ADMET profiling for Substances of Bioactive compounds of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

  I. V. Ferrari, M. Di Mario, R. Narducci, Annalisa Bracco, P. Patrizio

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp.30-34, Nov-2021

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  Abstract
  in this work, we have investigated the main bioactive components of garlic through a bioinformatics approach. Particular attention, we focused on the role of two active garlic compounds: S-allyl cysteine (SAC), S-allyl mercapto cysteine (SAMC), respectively. We investigated their biological and chemical property by different in Silico Tools databases, as PASS database, SwissADME, PreADMET and pkCSM. They were employed to determine their ADMET properties (metabolism, distribution, excretion, absorption, and toxicity).

  Key-Words / Index Term
  PASS Online , ADMET, S-allylcysteine (SAC), S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC)

  References
  [1] Shang, A., Cao, S. Y., Xu, X. Y., Gan, R. Y., Tang, G. Y., Corke, H., ... & Li, H. B.. “Bioactive compounds and biological functions of garlic (Allium sativum L.)”, Foods, Vol.8, Issue.7, pp.246, 2019. doi: 10.3390/foods8070246.
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  [9] Lagunin, A., Stepanchikova, A., Filimonov, D., & Poroikov, V. “PASS: prediction of activity spectra for biologically active substances”, Bioinformatics, Vol. 16, Issue.8, pp.747-748, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/16.8.747.
  [10] Shirin, H., Pinto, J. T., Kawabata, Y., Soh, J. W., Delohery, T., Moss, S. F., Murty, V., Rivlin, R. S., Holt, P. R., & Weinstein, I. B.” Antiproliferative effects of S-allylmercaptocysteine on colon cancer cells when tested alone or in combination with sulindac sulfide”, Cancer research, Vol. 16. 61, Issue.2, pp.725–731, 2001.
  [11]Lokman Uzun, Numan Kokten, Osman Halit Cam, M.Tayyar Kalcioglu, M. Birol Ugur, Muhammet Tekin, Gul Ozbilen Acar. “The effect of Garlic Derivatives (S-Allylmercaptocysteine, Diallyl Disulfide, and S-Allylcysteine) on Gentamicin Induced Ototoxicity: An Experimental Study”, Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, Vol. 9, Issue.4, pp.309-313, 2016. https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2015.01032.
  [12]Lv, Y., So, K. F., Wong, N. K., & Xiao, J. “Anti-cancer activities of S-allylmercaptocysteine from aged garlic”, Chinese journal of natural medicines, Vol. 17, Issue.1, pp.43–49, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(19)30008-1.
  [13]Shirin, H., Pinto, J. T., Kawabata, Y., Soh, J. W., Delohery, T., Moss, S. F., & Weinstein, I. B.” Antiproliferative effects of S-allylmercaptocysteine on colon cancer cells when tested alone or in combination with sulindac sulfide”, Cancer research, Vol. 61, Issue.2, pp. 725-731, 2001.
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  [17]Liu, Y., Yan, J., Han, X., & Hu, W. “Garlic-derived compound S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) is active against anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line 8305C (HPACC), Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine, Vol. 23, Issue.1, pp.S89–S93, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3233/thc-150936 .
  [18]Pinto, J. T., & Rivlin, R. S. “Antiproliferative effects of allium derivatives from garlic”, The Journal of nutrition, Vol. 131, Issue.3s, 1058S–60S, 2001 . https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.3.1058S.
  [19]Pinto, J. T., Qiao, C. H., Xing, J., Brian, P., Suffoletto, B. P., Schubert, K. B., Rivlin, R. S., Huryk, R. F., Bacich, D. J. & Heston, W. D. W. ” Alterations of prostate biomarker expression and testosterone utilization in human LNCaP prostatic carcinoma cells by garlic-derived S-allylmercaptocysteine”, The Prostate, Vol.45, Issue.4,pp.304–314, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0045(20001201)45:4<304::aid-pros4>3.0.co;2-9.
  [20] Xiao D, Pinto JT, Soh JW, Deguchi A, Gundersen GG, Palazzo AF, Yoon JT, Shirin H, Weinstein IB”,Induction of apoptosis by the garlic-derived compound S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) is associated with microtubule depolymerization and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase 1 activation”, Cancer research, Vol. 63, Issue.20, pp.6825-37, 2003.
  [21]Kemmish, H., Fasnacht, M., & Yan, L. “Fully automated antibody structure prediction using BIOVIA tools: Validation study”, PloS one, Vol. 12, Issue.5, pp.e0177923, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177923.
  [22]Filimonov, Dmitry, and Vladimir Poroikov.” Probabilistic approaches in activity prediction, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp. 182-216, 2008.
  [23] Daina, A., Michielin, O., & Zoete, V. “SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules”, Scientific reports, Vol. 7, pp.42717, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42717.
  [24]Lee, S. K., Chang, G. S., Lee, I. H., Chung, J. E., Sung, K. Y., & No, K. T. “The PreADME: pc-based program for batch prediction of adme properties”, EuroQSAR, Vol.9, pp.5-10, 2004.
  [25]S Lee, S. K., Lee, I. H., Kim, H. J., Chang, G. S., Chung, J. E., & No, K. T. “The PreADME Approach: Web-based program for rapid prediction of physico-chemical, drug absorption and drug-like properties”, EuroQSAR 2002 Designing Drugs and Crop Protectants: processes, problems and solutions, pp.418-420, 2003.
  [26]Pires, D. E., Blundell, T. L., & Ascher, D. B. “pkCSM: Predicting Small-Molecule Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Properties Using Graph-Based Signatures”, Journal of medicinal chemistry, Vol. 58, Issue.9, pp.4066–4072, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00104.
  [27]Phillips, I. R., & Shephard, E. A. Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3): genetic variants and their consequences for drug metabolism and disease. Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems, Vol. 50, Issue 1, pp.19–33, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/00498254.2019.1643515.
  [28]Valentino, H., Campbell, A. C., Schuermann, J. P., Sultana, N., Nam, H. G., LeBlanc, S., Tanner, J. J., & Sobrado, P. “Structure and function of a flavin-dependent S-monooxygenase from garlic (Allium sativum)”, The Journal of biological chemistry, Vol. 295, Issue.32, pp.11042–11055, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.RA120.014484.
  [29]Ferrari, I. V., Narducci, R., Prestopino, G., Costantino, F., Mattoccia, A., Di Giamberardino, L., ... & Medaglia, P. G.”, Layered Double Hydroxides as A Drug Delivery Vehicle for S-Allyl-Mercapto-Cysteine (SAMC),” Processes, Vol. 9, Issue.1, pp.1819, 2021.

  Citation
  I. V. Ferrari, M. Di Mario, R. Narducci, Annalisa Bracco, P. Patrizio, "Open access in Silico Tools to predict the ADMET profiling for Substances of Bioactive compounds of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.30-34, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Determination of effect of input yarn tension on weight (GSM) of single jersey knitted fabrics using ANOVA model

  Neway Seboka Debele

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp.35-41, Nov-2021

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  Abstract
  In Knitting technology, input yarn tension is one of the basic process controlling parameters which affects the fabric aerial weight (GSM) and hence the quality of the fabric. This study tries to develop a model showing the relation between input yarn tensions (g) with knit fabric aerial weight (GSM). For that, experimentation is done using 100 % Cotton yarn of 34’s used for making of single jersey plain knitted fabric. Keeping all machine and yarn parameters constant, five different levels of treatments of input yarn tension, which are selected randomly has been set by altering the position of tension pulley. The experimentation follows a single factor ANOVA with 5 levels of input yarn tension and 10 replicates of observations. Using significance level of ? = 0.05, the finding shows input yarn tension significantly affects the knitted fabric aerial weight (GSM). For comparing pairs of treatment means that significantly differs, a multiple comparison method is used. Other than treatment means between the first and second level of treatments and the fourth and fifth treatment levels, the rest pairs of treatment means are significantly different. The linear regression model is computed as Y= 95.644+9.9675 X1. From the experiment, a correlation coefficient (R2) of 84.4% is computed. In this study, plot for predicted versus residual value and plot for observed versus predicted value is also made, which shows the model is adequate and fitting.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Input yarn tension, GSM, 100 % Cotton yarn, ANOVA, linear regression model

  References
  [1]. J.E. Booth, ‘Principles of Textile Testing’, India: CBS publishers and Distributors, pp. 209-235, 1996.
  [2]. David J. Spencer, ‘Knitting Technology’, Cambridge: Woodhead, pp. 1-61, 2008.
  [3]. D.B. Ajgaonkar,. ‘Knitting Technology’, New Delhi: Universal Publishing Corporation, pp. 180-181., 2006.
  [4]. S.A Belal,. ‘Understanding Textiles for a Merchandiser’, BMN foundation press, Dhaka, 2009
  [5]. Elias Khalil, Md. Solaiman,. ‘Effect of stitch length on Physical and Mechanical properties of single jersey cotton knitted fabric’, International Journal of Science and Research, vol. 3, Issue 9, pp. 593-596. 2014
  [6]. ASTM D3776,. ‘Standard test methods for Mass per unit Area (weight) of fabric’, American society for testing and materials, West Conshohocken, PA, USA. 2013.
  [7]. Offermann, P, Unal A... ‘Influence of knitting structure on deformation of reinforced knitted fabrics’, Melliand Textilberichte, German, pp. 258-260. 2005.
  [8]. K. F. Au, “Advances in knitting technology”, Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles: Number 89. 2011.
  [9]. Klaus Hinkelmann, Oscar Kempthrone,. ‘Design and Analysis of Experiments: Introduction to Experimental Design’, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New Jersey. 2008.
  [10]. Max D. Morris, ‘Design of Experiments: An Introduction based on Linear Models’, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. 2011.
  [11]. George Casella, ‘Statistical Design’, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2008.
  [12]. Montgomery, D.C, ‘Design and Analysis of Experiments’, John Wiley & Sons, NJ, USA. 2012.
  [13]. Robert L. Mason, Richard F. Gunst, James L. Hess,. ‘Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments: With Applications to Engineering and Science’, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2003
  [14]. Seboka, Neway. "Regression model development for showing relation between mechanical yarn stretch (%) in sizing and Warp yarn breakage (cmpx) in looms using ANOVA model." Ethiopian journal of textile and apparel 1.2 (2020).

  Citation
  Neway Seboka Debele, "Determination of effect of input yarn tension on weight (GSM) of single jersey knitted fabrics using ANOVA model," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.35-41, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  The effect of electronic supply chain management (E-SCM) on information sharing

  Hamadi Khlif, Sami Boudabbous

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp.42-45, Nov-2021

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  Abstract
  Supply chain integration has become a potentially valuable way of securing shared information and improving supply chain performance, since competition is no longer between organizations, but among supply chains. This research conceptualizes and develops three dimensions of supply chain integration (integration with customers, integration with suppliers, and the interorganizational integration) and tests the relationships between supply chain integration, information sharing, and supply chain performance. Furthermore, the four types of information sharing namely, information sharing with customers, information sharing with suppliers, inter-functional information sharing, and intra-organizational information sharing, while the four constructs of E-Supply Chain Performance represent expenses of costs, asset utilization, E-supply chain reliability, and E-supply chain flexibility and responsiveness. The theoretical and practical implications of the study as well as directions for future research are discussed.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  E-supply chain management, Supply chain integration, information sharing, supply chain performance

  References
  [1] Pulevska-Ivanovska, L., Kaleshovska, N., “Implementation of e-Supply Chain Management”, TEM Journal, 2 (4), pp. 314-322, 2013.
  [2] Turban, E. et al., “Electronic Commerce 2012: A Managerial and Social Networks Perspective”, Seventh Edition, Pearson Education, London, 2012.
  [3] Khlif, H., & Ziadi, J. “The Impact of E-Management on Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study in Tunisian Firms.” World Academics Journal of Management 8(3):31–37, 2020.
  [4] Chaffey, D., “Digital Business and E-Commerce Management: Strategy, Implementation and Practice”, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education Limited, United Kingdom, 2015.
  [5] Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F.” Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error:”Algebra and Statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 382-388, 1981.

  Citation
  Hamadi Khlif, Sami Boudabbous, "The effect of electronic supply chain management (E-SCM) on information sharing," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.42-45, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Analysis of Students` Opinions on the Online Computer Course during Covid 19 at the Lebanese University`s Faculty of Tourism

  Hussein Chible

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp.46-53, Nov-2021

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  Abstract
  Due to COVID 19, where people stayed in their houses to save themselves, several universities around the world are now offering online lessons. Furthermore, given that platforms such as MS Teams, Zoom, and others can be used for remote learning in both normal and non-normal situations, this study was done to analyze students` opinions and viewpoints on online education throughout the pandemic time. The computer applications course at Lebanese University`s Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality was used as an example for this study in order to better understand how students loved and understood it, and to improve the computer course online teaching based on the findings. The classes were held online using the Microsoft Teams platform and the Internet. The major goal was to listen to the students` opinions in order to assist them and make the required improvements. The software SPSS was used; The "central tendency - dispersion - distribution" for each numerical question and the "frequency distribution table" for each categorical question were calculated; The Chi-square test, the ANOVA test, and the correlation test were used to examine the relationships between the various questions.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Online Teaching, Lectures, Computer Applications, University Course

  References
  [1] H. Chible, “Proposed Method To Be Adopted For Online Exam Without Proctored Environment During Covid 19,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 53–61, May 2021.
  [2] H. Chible, “Comparison of Students’ Grades Between the Online Exam and the Written Exam done on the University Campus for the Computer Application Course at FTHM -LU,” Feb. 2021. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.16332.54408.
  [3] S. Ilieva-Sinigerova, “The Impact of Pandemic into Sport Statistics Learning -Students’ Opinion,” Pedagogy - ??????????, vol. 92, no. 7, pp. 302–211, Jun. 2020.
  [4] D. Wolff-Boenisch, “A case study on student perception of online lecturing,” presented at the Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances, Jun. 2021. doi: 10.4995/HEAd21.2021.12710.
  [5] T. Sadykov and H. ?trnáctová, “The Students’ Opinions Toward Interactive Lectures,” presented at the Proceedings of the 3rd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education, Jun. 2019. doi: 10.33225/BalticSTE/2019.199.
  [6] Miglena Angelova, “Students’ Attitudes to the Online University Course of Management in the Context of COVID-19,” International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 283–292, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.111.
  [7] A. Dwivedi, S. Jha, S. Dwivedi, M. Tariq, X. Qiu, and D. sidgel, “Impact of Online Lectures on Medical Students During COVID-19 Pandemic,” Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 433–437, May 2021, doi: www.jrmds.in.
  [8] R. Harris, P. Blundell-Birtill, E. Sutherland, and M. Pownall, “Students’ perceptions of online lecture delivery: An empirical mixed-methods investigation,” vol. 21, pp. 69–78, May 2021.
  [9] “Distance learning survey template for students | QuestionPro.” https://www.questionpro.com/survey-templates/distance-learning-survey-for-students/ (accessed Oct. 18, 2021).
  [10] “Distance-Learning in the time of COVID-19 | SREed.” https://uwm.edu/sreed/distance-learning/ (accessed Oct. 18, 2021).
  [11] H. Chible, “Proposed Guide for Questionnaire Analysis ‘Part 1,’” Center for Research, Documentation and Publishing “CRDP-FTHM-UL” - Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management - Lebanese University, Lebanon, Jul. 2021. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26974.15688.
  [12] H. Chible, “Proposed Guide for Questionnaire Analysis ‘Part 2,’” Center for Research, Documentation and Publishing “CRDP-FTHM-UL” - Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management - Lebanese University, Lebanon, Aug. 2021. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.30415.61600.
  [13] H. Chible and S. Ghadban, “Questionnaire Analysis Roadmap,” Apr. 2021. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32484.71043.

  Citation
  Hussein Chible , "Analysis of Students` Opinions on the Online Computer Course during Covid 19 at the Lebanese University`s Faculty of Tourism," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.46-53, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Quality Characteristics of Cakes Produced From the Blends of Wheat and Pigeon Pea Composite Flour

  C.N. Nwakalor

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp.54-57, Nov-2021

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  Abstract
  Cakes were produced from the blends of wheat and pigeon pea composite flour. The flour blends of wheat and pigeon pea were prepared in the proportion of 100:0; 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40 and 50:50 respectively. Quality characteristics of the resultant products were analyzed to ascertain its sensory and proximate composition. Sensory analysis showed that acceptable cakes were produced from 60% wheat flour: 40% pigeon pea flour and 90% wheat flour: 10% pigeon pea flour when compared with the control sample (100% wheat flour) in terms of colour, texture, taste and overall acceptability. The proximate analysis of the cake samples revealed that the protein, fat, ash and fiber content increased with increasing level of pigeon pea flour. This confirms that the developed cakes have a better nutritional value than the control sample and could be used to combat protein-energy malnutrition.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Cakes, wheat flour, pigeon pea, proximate and sensory properties

  References
  [1].O.R. Adegbanke, A.R. Ayomiposi, “Physical, Chemical and Sensory Properties of Cakes Produced From Wheat Flour Enriched with Bambara Groundnut Flour,” Annals of Food and Nutrition Research. Vol.1, No1, .pp 1-7, 2019.
  [2].AOAC. “Official Methods of Analysis”, 21st edition, Washington DC, 2019.
  [3].A. Bakke, Z. Vickers, “Consumer liking of refined and whole wheat breads”, J. Food Sci. 72: 473-480, 2007.
  [4].J. Eke, S.C. Achinewhu, L.B. Sanni, “Nutritional and sensory Qualities of some Nigerian cakes”. Nigeria Food Journal 26 (2), 12-17, 2008.
  [5].J. Eke-Ejiofor, “Proximate and Sensory Properties of African Breadfruit and Sweet Potato-Wheat Composite Flour in Cakes and Biscuits”. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. 2(5): 232-236, 2013.
  [6].C.E. Ikpeme, C. Eneji, G. Igile,”Nutritional and Organoleptic Properties of Wheat (Triticumaestivum) and Beniseed (Sesame indicum) Composite Flour Baked Foods”. Journal of Food Research, 1, 84-91, 2012.
  [7]. D.B. Kiin-Kabari, J. Eke-Ejiofor, “Physico-chemical and sensory properties of cakes and cookies produced from composite flours of wheat and plantain”. Wudpecker Journal of Food Technology, 1(1): 009 – 013, 2013.
  [8].D.B. Kiin-Kabari, E.B. Banigo, “Quality Characteristics Of Cakes Prepared From Wheat And Unripe Plantain Flour Blends Enriched With Bambara Groundnut Protein Concentrate”. European Journal of Food Science and Technology; 3(3): 1-10, 2015.
  [9].J. Ndife, F. Kid, S. Fagbemi, “Production and Quality Assessment of Enriched Cookies from Whole Wheat and Full Fat Soya”. European Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2(1): 19-28, 2014.
  [10]. E.C. Nwanekezi, F.N. Ehirim, D.C. Arukwe, “Combined Effects of Different Processing Methods on Vitamins and Antinutrients Contents of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan) Flour”. Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 11(4): 73-81, 2017.
  [11]. J.N. Nwosu, N.C. Onuegbu, N.O. Kabuo, M.O. Okeke, “The Effect of Steeping with Chemicals (Alum and Trona) on the Proximate and Functional Properties of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Flour”. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 9 (8): 762-768, 2010.
  [12].J.N. Nwosu, M. Ojukwu, C.C. Ogueke, I. Ahaotu, C.I. Owuamanam, “The Antinutritional Properties and Ease of Dehulling on the proximate Composition of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) as affected by Malting”. Int. J. Life Sciences, vol. 2, No. 2 pp. 60-67, 2013.
  [13].O.A. Olaoye, S.C. Ubbor, V.O. Okoro, I. G. Lawrence, “Performance of Malted Maize Flour as Composite of Wheat in the Production of Cake”. American Journal of Agricultural Science. Vol. 2, No. 3, 2015, pp. 126-132, 2015.
  [14].O.A. Olaoye, B.I.O. Ade-Omowaye, “ Composite flours and breads: potential of local crops in developing countries”. In V. R. Preedy, R. R. Watson, & V.B. Patel, (Eds.), Flour and breads and their fortification in health and disease prevention (pp.183- 192). London, Burlington, San Diego: Academic Press, Elsevier. ISBN: 9780123808868, 2011.
  [15].O.A. Olaoye, A.A. Onilude, O.A. Idowu, “Quality characteristics of bread produced from composite flours of wheat, plantain and soybeans”. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5, 1102-1106, 2006.
  [16]. N. Potter, J. Hotchkiss, “Food Science”. 5th ed. CBS Publishers and Distributors. Daryangaji, New Delhi, India. 2006.
  [17].A.O. Falola, O.P. Olatidoye, I.O. Balogun, A.O. Opeifa, “Quality Characteristics Of Cookies Produced From Composite Flours Of Cassava And Cucurbita Mixta Seed”. Journal Of Agriculture And Veterinary Sciences. 2011.
  [18].M.O. Alabi, J.C. Anuonye, “Nutritional and sensory attributes of soy-supplemented cereal meals”. Nigerian Food J. 25: 100-110, 2007.
  [19].G.M. Wardlaw, “Perspectives in Nutrition”. (6th ed.). McGram Hill Companies, New York, U.S.A., 2004.

  Citation
  C.N. Nwakalor , "Quality Characteristics of Cakes Produced From the Blends of Wheat and Pigeon Pea Composite Flour," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.54-57, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Fast and Innovative Determination of Polychlorinated Dioxins and Furans in Contaminated Sediments Using a Quechers Extraction and GC-MS/MS

  F. Cardellicchio

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp.58-63, Nov-2021

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  Abstract
  In recent years the development of reliable and low-cost methods for the determination of toxic persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCCDs/Fs) has increased. For these contaminants, international analytical methods require long time, complex instrumentation, and are not suitable for the analysis of a large number of samples in environmental monitoring. In the present work, a QuEChERS extraction (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) as an alternative preparation method for PCDDs/Fs determination in marine sediments is shown. A positive aspect of this method is a simplification of the sample preparation, compared with EPA method 1613 B. Gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry allowed the analysis of various chlorinated congeners with high selectivity and sensitivity. Under the optimized conditions, the recoveries of all target analytes were comparable with that of the EPA method, with the repeatability of the analysis of 20% or less. The method quantification limits were suitable for the analysis of real matrices. The methodology was then applied to the determination of PCDDs/Fs in contaminated marine sediments. The evaluation of congeners distribution (Fingerprint) was useful for the identification of possible sources of contamination.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  QuEChERS, dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, sediments, GC-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

  References
  [1] Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), “Regulation (EU) of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on Persistent Organic Pollutants”, Text and Annexes revised, pp 33, 2019.
  [2] US-EPA, “Method 1613 B: Tetra-through octa-chlorinated Dioxins and Furans by Isotope Dilution (HRGC/HRMS)”, Revision 3, pp. 34, 2010.
  [3] A. García-Bermejo, M. Ábalos, J. Sauló, E. Abad, M.J. González, B. Gómara, “Triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry: a real alternative to high resolution magnetic sector instrument for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls”, Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 889, pp. 156-65, 2015.
  [4] M. Anastassiades, S.J. Lehotay, D. Tajnbaher, F.J.J. Schenck, “Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and dispersive solid-phase extraction for the determination of pesticide residues in produce”, J. AOAC Int., Vol. 86 Issue 2, pp. 412-431, 2003.
  [5] M. Anastassiades, E. Scherbaum, B. Ta?delen, D. Štajnbaher, “Recent developments in QuEChERS methodology for pesticide multiresidue analysis”, H. Ohkawa, H. Miyagama, P.W. Lee (Eds.), Pesticide chemistry: Crop protection, public health, environmental safety, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp. 439-458. 2007.
  [6] R. Perestrelo, P. Silva, P. Porto-Figueira, J.A.M. Pereira, C. Silva, S. Medina, J.S. Câmara, “QuEChERS–Fundamentals, relevant improvements, applications and future trends”, Anal. Chim. Acta, Vol. 1070, pp. 1–28, 2019.
  [7] L. Kim, D. Lee, H. Cho., S-D. Choi, “Review of the QuEChERS method for the analysis of organic pollutants: Persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and pharmaceuticals”, Trends Environ. Anal. Chem., Vol 22, e00063, 2019.
  [8] A. Berlioz-Barbier, A. Vauchez, L. Wiest, R. Baudot, E. Vulliet, C. Cren-Olivé, “Multi-residue analysis of emerging pollutants in sediment using QuEChERS-based extraction followed by LC-MS/MS analysis”, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., Vol. 406, pp. 1259–1266, 2014.
  [9] S. Shanjun, D. Xinhua, W. Weihua, H.Yajuan, L. Zhao, S. Mingwu, “Optimization of selective pressurized liquid extraction and ultrasonication-assisted QuEChERS methods for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments”, Anal. Methods, Vol. 7, pp. 9542–9548, 2015.
  [10] T. Czech, N.B. Bonilla, F. Gambus, M.R. González, J.M. Sáez, J.L.M., Vidal, A.G. Frenich, “Fast analysis of 4-tertoctylphenol, pentachlorophenol and 4-nonylphenol in river sediments by QuEChERS extraction procedure combined with GC-QqQ-MS/MS”, Science of the Total Environment, Vol. 557–558, pp. 681–687, 2016.
  [11] F.B. Salem, O.B. Said, R. Duran, M. Monperrus, “Validation of an adapted QuEChERS method for the simultaneous analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in sediment by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry”, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., Vol. 96, pp. 678–684, 2016.
  [12] A. Larivie?re, S. Lissalde, M. Soubrand, M. Casellas-Franc?ais, “Overview of Multiresidues analytical methods for the quantitation of pharmaceuticals in environmental solid matrixes: comparison of analytical development strategy for sewage sludge, manure, soil, and sediment samples”, Anal. Chem., Vol. 89, pp. 453?465, 2017.
  [13] C. Miossec, L. Lanceleur, M. Monperrus, “Adaptation and validation of QuEChERS method for the simultaneous analysis of priority and emerging pollutants in sediments by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry”, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., Vol. 98, Issue 8, pp. 1–14, 2018.
  [14] M. Da Costa, A.I.G. Costa, N.M. Vieira, M.C.G. Paiva, F.C.L. de Freitas, A.A. da Silva, “Validation and application of a QuEChERS based method for estimation of half-life of imidazolinone herbicides in soils by LC-ESI-MS/MS”, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., Vol. 167, pp. 212-217, 2019.
  [15] C. Nannou, V. Boti, T.A. Albanis, “A modified QuEChERS approach for the analysis of pharmaceuticals in sediments by LC-Orbitrap HRMS”, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 411, pp. 1383–1396, 2019.
  [16] X. Zhao, T. Cui, R. Guo, Y. Liu, X. Wang, Y. An, X. Qiao, B. Zheng, “A clean-up method for determination of multi-classes of persistent organic pollutants in sediment and biota samples with an aliquot sample”, Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 1047, pp. 71-80, 2019.
  [17] D. Kucharski, P. Drzewicz, G. Na??cz-Jawecki, K. Mianowicz, A. Skowronek, J. Giebu?towicz, “Development and application of a novel QuEChERS method for monitoring of tributyltin and triphenyltin in bottom sediments of the Odra River Estuary, North Westernmost part of Poland”, Molecules, Vol. 25, Issue 3, pp. 591- 613, 2020.
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  Citation
  F. Cardellicchio, "Fast and Innovative Determination of Polychlorinated Dioxins and Furans in Contaminated Sediments Using a Quechers Extraction and GC-MS/MS," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.7, Issue.11, pp.58-63, 2021