Volume-5 , Issue-9 , Sep 2019, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Synthesis and Characterization of a Schif Base and Its Metals (ZN (II) and MO (VI)) Complexes Derived From 2-Hydroxy-4-Methoxybenzaldehyde

  H.A. Usman, A. B. Garba, M.A. Sani, G.A. Yusuf

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp.1-7, Sep-2019

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  Abstract
  In the present study, a new series of Zinc(II) and Mo (VI) complexes with two newly synthesized Schiff base ligands derived from 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde nicotinoylhydrazone monohydrate (H2hmbn.H2O) and 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde benzoylhydrazone (H2hmbb) have been prepared. All the two free hydrazones (ligands) that were synthesized acts as a tridentate dianionic ONO donor towards the four complex centers. The conductance measurements in DMF of all the four metal complexes, suggest that they are non-electrolytes. Singlets found in the region 12-14 ppm of the free hydrazones indicates the present of iminol in solution. Also the NMR of zinc complexes was not as a result of its poor solubility. In the FTIR spectra of the free hydrazones, the bands due to carbonyl group were observed in the region 1630-1650 cm-1 and these are absent in the spectra of the complexes suggesting enolization and deprotonation of ligands, whereas for the metal complexes, in compounds AA, AC and AD broad bands observed at 3409 and 3417 cm-1 indicates the present of lattice water. In the thermal analysis, there is a weight loss due to lattice in compound AA, AC and AD.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Schiff base, azomethine, complex, molybdenum, Zinc

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  Citation
  H.A. Usman, A. B. Garba, M.A. Sani, G.A. Yusuf, "Synthesis and Characterization of a Schif Base and Its Metals (ZN (II) and MO (VI)) Complexes Derived From 2-Hydroxy-4-Methoxybenzaldehyde," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.1-7, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Synthesis, Limitation and Application of Gold Nanoparticles in Treatment of Cancerous Cell

  Mohd Yaqub Khan, Maryada Roy

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp.8-14, Sep-2019

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  Abstract
  It is now generally believed that personalized medicine is the future for cancer patient management. Possessing unprecedented potential for early detection, accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment of cancer, nanoparticles have been extensively studied over last decade. Due to the remarkable properties of gold nanoparticles, they have long been considered as a potential tool for diagnosis of various cancers and for drug delivery applications. These particles have been widely used in various biomedical applications and drug delivery systems due to their inert nature, stability, high dispersity, non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility. The future looks brighter than ever yet many hurdles remain to be conquered. A multifunctional platform based on gold nanoparticles, with multiple recptor targeting, multimodality imaging, and multiple therapeutic entities, holds the promise for a better treatment against cancer.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Nanoparticles, Cytotoxicity, Biocompatibility

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  [75]. Murawala P., Tirmale A., Shiras A., Prasad B.L.V., In situ synthesized BSA capped gold nanoparticles: Effective carrier of anticancer drug Methotrexate to MCF-7 breast cancer cells, Mater Sci. Engineer C., 34: 158-167, 2014.
  

  Citation
  Mohd Yaqub Khan, Maryada Roy, "Synthesis, Limitation and Application of Gold Nanoparticles in Treatment of Cancerous Cell," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.8-14, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Parametric Analysis of Centrifugal Pump and Calculation of Slip Factor

  Jogendra Kumar, Maksudan Paswan

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp.15-22, Sep-2019

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  Abstract
  Centrifugal pumps are one of the turbomachines mostly used in different industries. The current research aims to determine the pump`s best working condition, where it must be run at minimum energy input with the optimum effectiveness, using a numerical technique such as computational fluid dynamics. The whole test (CFD) is performed using the commercial software ANSYS CFX 15.0. ANSYS CPD with a 22.5 ° angle of outlet blade and 6 sets of blades produced the pump`s geometry. The current assessment has shown that the pump`s effectiveness is reduced as the mass flow rate is increased. A second parameter, like the centrifugal pump slip factor, is calculated. The average slip factor calculation value is 0.83, the highest value for calculating the slip-factor in the Wisner analytical model.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Computational fluid Dynamics, ANSYS CFX, Vista CPD, Mass flow Rate, Pump

  References
  [1] B. Jafarzadeh, A. Hajari, M. M. Alishahi, and M. H. Akbari, “The flow simulation of a low-specific-speed high-speed centrifugal pump,” Appl. Math. Model., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 242–249, 2011.
  [2] J. M. Huang, K. W. Luo, C. F. Chen, C. P. Chiang, T. Y. Wu, and C. H. Chen, “Numerical investigations of slip phenomena in centrifugal compressor impellers,” Int. J. Turbo Jet Engines, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 123–132, 2013.
  [3] X. Song, H. G. Wood, and D. Olsen, “Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Study of the 4th Generation Prototype of a Continuous Flow Ventricular Assist Device (VAD),” J. Biomech. Eng., vol. 126, no. 2, p. 180, 2004.
  [4] C. and Y. Tu, J., Liu, Computational fluid dynamics. 2018.
  [5] A. J. Stepanoff, “Cavitation Properties of Liquids,” J. Eng. Power, vol. 86, no. 2, p. 195, 2012.
  [6] Y. Fu et al., “Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Flow Phenomena in a Centrifugal Pump Operating Under Low Flow Rates,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 137, no. 1, p. 11102, 2014.
  [7] S. . Som, Introduction to fluid mechanics and fluid machines. 2012.
  [8] F. J. Wiesner, “A Review of Slip Factors for Centrifugal Impellers,” J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, vol. 89, no. 4, p. 558, 1967.
  [9] W. Zhou, Z. Zhao, T. S. Lee, S. H. Winoto, and Z. Weidong, “Investigation of Flow Through Centrifugal Pump Impellers Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is being in- creasingly applied in the design of centrifugal pumps. With the,” Int. J. Rotating Mach., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49–61, 2003.
  [10] J. A. Caridad and F. Kenyery, “Slip Factor for Centrifugal Impellers Under Single and Two-Phase Flow Conditions,” J. Fluids Eng., vol. 127, no. 2, p. 317, 2005.
  [11] M. G. Khalafallah, H. A. Elsheshtawy, A. N. M. Ahmed, and A. I. Abd El-Rahman, “Flow simulation in radial pump impellers and evaluation of slip factor,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A J. Power Energy, vol. 229, no. 8, pp. 1032–1041, 2015.
  [12] H. Yousefi, Y. Noorollahi, M. Tahani, R. Fahimi, and S. Saremian, “Numerical simulation for obtaining optimal impeller’s blade parameters of a centrifugal pump for high-viscosity fluid pumping,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 34, no. August 2018, pp. 16–26, 2019.
  [13] R. Stephens and J. Imberger, “Reservoir Destratification via Mechanical Mixers,” J. Hydraul. Eng., vol. 119, no. 4, pp. 438–457, 2006.
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  [15] G. R. H. Abo Elyamin, M. A. Bassily, K. Y. Khalil, and M. S. Gomaa, “Effect of impeller blades number on the performance of a centrifugal pump,” Alexandria Eng. J., vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 39–48, 2019.
  [16] M. Lorusso et al., “Efficient CFD evaluation of the NPSH for centrifugal pumps,” Energy Procedia, vol. 126, pp. 778–785, 2017.
  [17] S. R. Patil, S. T. Chavan, N. S. Jadhav, and S. S. Vadgeri, “Effect of Volute Tongue Clearance Variation on Performance of Centrifugal Blower by Numerical and Experimental Analysis,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 3883–3894, 2018.
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  [20] V. A. Grapsas, J. S. Anagnostopoulos, and D. E. Papantonis, “Hydrodynamic Design of Radial Flow Pump Impeller by Surface Parameterization,” 1st Int. Conf. Exp. Model., no. July 2005, 2005.
  [21] K. Subramanya, Engineering hydraulics. 2013.
  [22] W.-G. Li, “Effects of Flow Rate and Viscosity on Slip Factor of Centrifugal Pump Handling Viscous Oils,” Int. J. Rotating Mach., vol. 2013, pp. 1–12, 2013.
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  Citation
  Jogendra Kumar, Maksudan Paswan, "Parametric Analysis of Centrifugal Pump and Calculation of Slip Factor," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.15-22, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Real Time Vision Based Obstacle Detection System for Micro Aerial Vehicles Navigation using Support Vector Machines

  J. Nivesha, B. Anbarasu, G. Anitha

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp.23-27, Sep-2019

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  Abstract
  In this paper, a real-time vision based obstacle detection system for Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) navigation using Support Vector Machines. In the feature extraction stage, features, namely, Haralick Features, Color Histogram Features and Hu Moments Features were extracted from the acquired image frames using raspberry pi 3 camera. Vision based obstacle detection algorithm is implemented on raspberry pi 3 single board computer. In the training phase, 180 images (90 images with obstacle and 90 images without obstacle) are used for training and 20 images (10 images with obstacle and 10 images without obstacle). Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier is used to classify the acquired test image frame with and without obstacle. This obstacle detection information can be used to avoid collision with the static and dynamic obstacles in the forward flight path of MAV. Experimental results on the different test image frames demonstrate that the proposed vision based obstacle detection algorithm based on Haralick Features, Color Histogram Features and Hu Moments Features extracted for the test image frame and classified with Gaussian kernel SVM Classifier produces high classification accuracy of 78.33 % compared to linear, sigmoid and polynomial kernel SVM classifier.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Object detection, Raspberry Pi, Support Vector Machine, Micro Aerial Vehicle

  References
  [1] Y. Fu, D. Ma, H. Zhang, L. Zheng, “Moving object recognition based on SVM and binary decision tree”, In the Proceedings of the Data Driven Control and Learning Systems (DDCLS 2017), Chongqing, China, pp. 495-500, 2017.
  [2] E. Jauregi, E. Lazkano, B. Sierra “Object recognition using region detection and feature extraction”, In Proceedings of 10th International Conference Towards Autonomous Robotic Systems (TAROS 2009), pp. 104-111.
  [3] S. Bane, D.R. Pawar, “Survey on Feature Extraction methods in Object Recognition”, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol.5 , pp. 3224-3226, 2014.
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  [5] P.Dollar, C. Wojek, B. Schiele, P. Perona, “Pedestrian detection: An evaluation of the state of the art.”, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, Vol. 34, Issue. 4, pp. 743-761, 2012.
  [6] P.F. Felzenszwalb, R.B. Girshick, D. McAllester, D. Ramanan, “Object detection with discriminatively trained part-based models”, IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence”, Vol. 32, Issue. 9, pp. 1627-1645, 2010.
  [7] S. Kumar, C. Singh, “A study of zernike moments and its use in devnagari handwritten character recognition”, In Proceedings of International Conference on Cognition and Recognition, pp. 514-520, 2005.
  [8] D. Liu, J. Chen, G. Wu, H. Duan, “SVM-Based Remote Sensing Image Classification and Monitoring of Lijiang Chenghais”, In Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE), pp. 1-4, 2012.
  [9] M.N. Patel, P. Tandel, “A Survey on Feature Extraction Techniques for Shape based Object Recognition”, International Journal of Computer Applications , Vol. 137, Issue. 6, pp. 16-20, 2016.
  [10] C. Qian, H. Qiang, S. Gong, “An Image Classification Algorithm based on SVM”, Applied Mechanics & Materials, Vols. 738-739, pp. 542-545, 2015.
  [11] M. Sharif, M.A. Khan, T. Akram, M.Y. Javed, T. Saba, A. Rehman, “A framework of human detection and action recognition based on uniform segmentation and combination of Euclidean distance and joint entropy-based features selection”, EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, Vol. 2017, Issue. 1, pp. 89.
  [12] K.K. Sung, T. Poggio, “Example-based learning for view-based human face detection”, IEEE Transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, Vol. 20, Issue. 1, pp. 39-51, 1998.
  [13] S. Wang, “A review of gradient-based and edge-based feature extraction methods for object detection”, In Proceedings of 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (CIT), pp. 277-282, 2011.
  [14] P.D. Wardaya, “Support vector machine as a binary classifier for automated object detection in remotely sensed data”, In Proceedings of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 1-6, 2014.
  [15] Y. Zeng, J. Zhang, J.L. Van Genderen, G. Wang, “SVM-based multi-textural image classification and its uncertainty analysis”, In Proceedings of 2012 International Conference on Industrial Control and Electronics Engineering (ICICEE), pp. 1316-1319, 2012.
  

  Citation
  J. Nivesha, B. Anbarasu, G. Anitha, "Real Time Vision Based Obstacle Detection System for Micro Aerial Vehicles Navigation using Support Vector Machines," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.23-27, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Derivation of Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph and S Curve for Mini-Watershed of Manvi Taluk Raichur District Karnataka

  Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp.28-32, Sep-2019

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  Abstract
  Unit Hydrograph (UH) is the most famous and generally utilized technique for analysing and deriving flood hydrograph resulting from a known storm in a basin area. For ungauged catchments, unit hydrograph are derived using either regional unit hydrograph approach. Central Water Commission (CWC) derived the regional unit hydrograph relationships for different sub-zones of India relating to the various unit hydrograph parameters with some prominent physiographic characteristics. In this study, the lately developed UH model is applied located between Latitude 15º54′2′′ N to 16º16′19′′ N Latitude and 76º48′40′′ E to77º4′21′′ E Longitude. The study area covers an area of 466.02 km2, having maximum length of 36.5 km. The maximum and minimum elevation of the basin is 569 m and 341 m above MSL, respectively. The Peak discharge of unit hydrograph obtained is 171.58m3/s. The final cumulative discharge is 1669.05 m3/s.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Unit hydrograph, Flood hydrograph, Slope, Synthetic Parameter CWC

  References
  [1]. CWC (1986). Flood estimation report for Kaveri basin subzone 3(i). Directorate of Hydrology (small Catchments), Central Water Commission, New Delhi
  [2]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Generation Of Intensity Duration Frequency Curves For Different Return Period Using Short Duration Rainfall For Manvi Taluk Raichur District Karnataka”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Management Studies (IRJEMS), Volume: 03 Issue: 04 | April -2019.
  [3]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Prioritization Of Subwatersheds of Cauvery Region Based on Morphometric Analysis Using GIS”, International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM), Volume: 05 Issue: 01, April -2019. 4.
  [4]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Rainfall Analysis for Modelling of IDF Curves for Bangalore Rural, Karnataka", International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.114-132, 2019.
  [5]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Development of S Curve for Mini-Watershed of Raichur City Karnataka", International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.1-11, 2019
  [6]. Clark, C.O. (1945). “Storage and the Unit hydrograph”. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers 110:1491-46.
  

  Citation
  Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Derivation of Dimensionless Unit Hydrograph and S Curve for Mini-Watershed of Manvi Taluk Raichur District Karnataka," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.28-32, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Geomorphological Analysis and Prioritization of Subwatershed of Raichur City Karnataka Using Weighted Sum Approach

  Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp.33-46, Sep-2019

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  Abstract
  Prioritization of watershed has picked up significance in watershed management. Morphometic analysis is been commonly applied to prioritize the watershed. In the present study two mini watersheds in Raichur city have been considered Mini-watershed 1 with an area of 519.32 km2 with highest order stream of 6 Mini -Watershed 2 with an area of 360.97 km2 with highest order stream of 5. There are Seven Subwatersheds in both the Mini-watersheds. Various morphometric parameters namely Bifurcation ratio(Rb), Drainage density(Dd), Stream frequency(Ns), Texture ratio(T), Form factor(Rf), Circularity ratio(Rc), Elongation Ratio(Re), length of overland flow, shape factor(Bs), compactness ratio (Cc) has been determined for each subwatershed and allotted position on premise of relationship as to arrive at a Compound value for final ranking of subwatershed. The morphometric parameters ranges between Rb (2.95-5.50), Dd (1.218-1.373), Ns (0.890-1.182), T (0.731-1.590), Rf (0.230-0.850), Rc (0.246-0.500), Re (0.55-1.04), Cc (1.40-1.83), Lof (0.364-0.411), and Bs (1.17-4.20). It is found that in Mini-watershed 1 50.87% of area falls under Very high Priority category 32.94% under high, 8.96% under medium and 7.23% under very low priority category and in Mini-watershed 2 20.34% of area falls under very high, 19.82% under high and 59.84% under medium priority category.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  GIS, DEM, Morphometric analysis, Subwatershed, Priority, Compound Factor

  References
  [1]. Horton R.E.(1945). Erosional Development of streams and their drainage basins, Hydro physical approach to quantitative morphology. Geological Society of American Bulletin. 56: 275-370.
  [2]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Prioritization Of Subwatersheds of Cauvery Region Based on Morphometric Analysis Using GIS”, International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (IJREAM), Volume: 05 Issue: 01, April -2019.
  [3]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla “Modelling of Short Duration Isopluvial Map For Raichur District Karnataka”, International Journal for Science and Advance Research in Technology (IJSART), Volume: 05 Issue: 4, April -2019.
  [4]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, and M .Inayathulla. "Morphometry, Hypsometry Analysis and Runoff Estimation of Aam Talab Watershed Raichur, Karnataka" International Journal Of Advance Research And Innovative Ideas In Education Volume 5 Issue 3 2019 Page 1713-1727
  [5]. Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, “Development of S Curve for Mini-Watershed of Raichur City Karnataka”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.8, pp.1-11, 2019.
  [6]. Vijith, H and Sateesh, R. (2006). GIS based morphometric analysis of two major upland Sub-watershed of Meenachil river in Kerala. Journal of Indian society of Remote Sensing. 34(2): 181-185.
  

  Citation
  Mohammed Badiuddin Parvez, M Inayathulla, "Geomorphological Analysis and Prioritization of Subwatershed of Raichur City Karnataka Using Weighted Sum Approach," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.33-46, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Design and Analysis of Trajectory Calculation for Nano Satellite Orbiting in LEO

  Raja Munusamy, Manisha Kumari, Jasmine Kaur, Utsav Nangalia

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp.47-53, Sep-2019

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  Abstract
  The space race introduced a phenomenal growth in the computation of the orbits of artificial satellites. The objective of this project is to derive an effective technique to estimate the orbital and trajectory data for the LEO Nano satellites. To design the accurate orbit and trajectory of a satellite information regarding the variables responsible for the deviation in the path of satellites. The variables that needs to be calculate to determine the position of the satellite. This can accomplished by making use of the orbit simulation software like GMAT, Orbitron and STK for acquiring the data and then incorporating the acquired data with MATLAB to get the result. The various effects on the satellite in space is slight deviation in the satellite from its orbit. To estimate the deflection from its actual coordinates to provide a relatively accurate method for the correction of the same. The purpose of research is consider three Indian Nano satellites are Jugnu, INS-1A and INS-1B. The selection of the satellite based on their efficiency and purpose of the mission. The Nano Satellites launched in space were the academic collaboration of the universities with their national space research centres for facilitation of research purpose with less expense.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Nano satellite, GMAT, Orbitron, STK, LEO

  References
  [1] Perry, W.R. "Orbital Mechanics". In Theodore Baumeister. Marks` Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers (Seventh Ed.). New York City: McGraw Hill. pp. 11:151–52. ISBN 0-07-142867-4, 1967
  [2] H. D. Curtis, Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students, Florida: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann publications, 2005.
  [3] Ugur Guven, "Orbit Design And Trajectory Analysis For University Cube-Satellite Project For Remote Sensing And For Educational Applications," in Global Space Exploration Conference , Washington, DC.
  [4] Mohammed Chessab Mahdi, “Orbit Design and Simulation for Kufasat Nanosatellite”, Journal of Artificial Satellites, Vol. 50, No. 4, 2015 Doi: 10.1515/arsa-2015-0013.
  [5] WH Steyn, “Comparison of Low-Earth Orbiting Satellite Attitude Controllers Submitted to Controllability Constraints”, AIAA Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol.17, No.4, July-Aug.1994, pp.795-804
  [6] Kristin Johansson, “Orbital Mechanics and Feedback Control”, Master Thesis, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, June 15, 2005
  [7] George A. Weisskopf, “Application and Analysis of Satellite Orbit Prediction Techniques”, Mission Planning and Analysis Division National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas, JSC Internal note no. 77-Fm-19, April 12, 1977
  [8] S. P. Shuster, "A Survey and Performance Analysis of Orbit Propagators for LEO, GEO, and Highly Elliptical Orbits," All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Utah, 2017
  [9] Kim, S., and Kim, Y., “Spin-Axis Stabilization of a Rigid Spacecraft using two Reaction Wheels,” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 24, No. 5, 2001, pp. 1046–1049.doi:10.2514/2.4818
  [10] S. Alam and M. Yasir, "Satellite Attitude and Orbital Dynamics Simulator," Journal of Space Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, PP. 40-44, 2011
  [11] Schaub, H., and Junkins, J. L., “MATLAB Toolbox for Rigid Body Kinematics” Proceedings of the AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, Breckenridge, CO, American Astronautical Soc. Paper 99-139, Springfield, VA, 7–10 Feb. 1999, pp. 549–560.
  [12] Karataş S, (2006) “LEO Satellites: Dynamic Modelling, Simulations and some Nonlinear Attitude Control Techniques” Master Thesis, Middle East Technical University, The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, April 2006.
  

  Citation
  Raja Munusamy, Manisha Kumari, Jasmine Kaur, Utsav Nangalia, "Design and Analysis of Trajectory Calculation for Nano Satellite Orbiting in LEO," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.47-53, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Social Impact of Contract Farming On Farmers Practicing Contract Farming

  Harish N.

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp.54-60, Sep-2019

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  Abstract
  This article focused on the social impact of contract farming on respondents who are involved in contract farming. The various social indicators of impact on contract framers are discussed. The study was conducted in two districts of Karnataka state viz., Bangalore Rural and Tumakuru. Two taluks each from each districts, Tumakuru and Gubbi taluks from Tumakuru district and Nelamangala and Doddaballapura taluks from Bangalore Rural district were selected. Total three crops were selected purposively namely Gherkin, Watermelon, Tomato. The respondents were selected based on simple random sampling techniques; the sample size was Gherkin 35, Tomato 35, Watermelon 10 and non contract farmers 20 from each taluks of two districts.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Contract Farming, Social Impact, Economic Impact, Health Care, etc

  References
  [1]. Asokan S.R. and Sing G, “Small Farmers; An Enlarged Species”, Political Economy Journal of India, Vol. X, Issue. 4, pp.1-6, 2001.
  [2]. B K Dileep, R K Grover, and K N Rai, “Contract Farming in Tomato: An Economic Analysis”, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.57, Issue.2,pp.197-210, 2003.
  [3]. Channaveere Gowda B N, “Contract farming and contractual arrangement a descriptive analysis”, Southern Economist, 2011.
  [4]. Chaturvedi, R, “Contract farming and Fritolay`s Model of Contract farming for potato” Potato Journal, Vol. 34(1-2), pp.16-19, 2007.
  [5]. Harish.N, “Sustainable development and Agriculture Sector: Issues & Challenges”, International Journal of Academic Research, Vol. 6, Issue.3(4), pp. 20-25, 2019.
  [6]. Harish.N, “Contract Farming in Karnataka: Risks & Uncertainties”,Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science & Humanities, Vol.6, Special Issue 2, pp.34-40, 2019.
  [7]. Harish.N, Dr.Vilas M Kadrolkar, “Contract Farming in India: An Economic Partnership for Agricultural Development”, Research Explorer, Vol.VI, Issue,17, pp.15-19, 2018.
  [8]. Mueller and Collins , “Grower-Processor integration in fruit and vegetable marketing”. Journal of farm Economics, Vol.39, Issue.5, pp.1471-1783, 1957.
  [9]. Nasheman Bandhookwala and Mala Sharma, “Avenues of Contract Farming in Gujarat: A Study of Potatoes”. Indian Journal of Applied Research, Volume. 3(1), pp 31-33,2013.
  [10]. Nathaniel Naftali Kalimang asi, Agrey Kihombo and Natalia Kalimang asi, “Technical Efficiency of Cocoa Production through Contract Farming: Empirical Evidence from Kilombero and Kyela districts”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume. 4, Issue.10, pp 1-9,2014.
  [11]. Rana, R. K, “Status of Punjab State in Indian potato processing industry”, Indian Journal of Agricultural Marketing, Vol.25, Issue.2, pp. 1-17, 2011.
  [12]. Rangi P.S and Sindhu M.S, “Contract farming system, Punjab state policy issues, productivity”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol.44, Issue.3, pp.484-491, 2003.
  [13]. Ratnawadi Yuni Suryandari and Amriah Buang, “Contract farming as a Mechanism for Agricultural Development in Malaysia: Perceptions from Participation and Non-Participation”. Sept 2010, Philippines pp,1-13, 2010.
  [14]. Rohini, A., Selvanayaki, S., & Selvi, M. P, “Contract farming-an efficient marketing method of Ailanthus excels”, Indian Journal of Economics and Development, Vol.11, Issue.4, pp.939-944, 2015.
  [15]. Sahana S, Nanjappa D, and Vasanthi C, “Social Impact of Contract Farming on Farmers Practicing Contract Farming”. International Journal of Agriculture Science, Volume.9, Issue .28, pp 4353-4355, 2017.
  [16]. Sazzad Parwez, “An Empirical Evaluation of Agricultural Supply Chain in India with Special Reference to Public Distribution System and Contract Farming”. Management Insight Journal, Vol.X, Issue.1, pp 27-37, 2014.
  [17]. Sazzad Parwez , “Food Supply chain management in Indian agriculture: Issues, opportunities and further research”. African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 8, Issue.14, pp.572-581, 2014.
  [18]. Venuprasad H.D, Premalata Singh, Shivkumar and B.K Singh, “Performance and Constraints of Gherkin Contract Farming”. Indian Research Journal of Extension Education. Vol.13, Issue.1, pp.112-116, 2013.
  [19]. Williamson, O, “Transaction-Cost Economics: the Governance of Contractual Relations”. Journal of Law and Economics , pp.233-261, 1979.
  

  Citation
  Harish N., "Social Impact of Contract Farming On Farmers Practicing Contract Farming," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.54-60, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Democracy and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Implications for the Environmental Kuznets Curve

  E.0. Okon

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp.61-69, Sep-2019

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  Abstract
  This paper seeks to contribute to existing debates on the relationship between democracy and environmental quality by using the Environmental Kuznets Curve analysis approach to investigate the case of Nigeria. The econometric tests resorted to were group unit root tests and Engle-Granger co-integration test. The Conical Co-integration Regression technique was used to estimate the co-integration equation for time span of 1980 to 2018. Finding indicates no existence of EKC hypothesis in Nigeria because of statistical insignificance of the coefficients of GDP per capita and GDP per capita squares at any conventional level of 1%, 5%, or 10%. Rather, improvement of democracy contributes to reduction of carbon dioxide emissions per capita (environmental degradation). Gross domestic investment has a negative and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions per capita (environmental degradation) but income inequality worsens environmental degradation in Nigeria. In order to maintain and improve the existing level of environmental quality in Nigeria, roadblocks to a strong democracy in Nigeria at all levels of government should be removed. Likewise, environmental laws and policies targeted at ameliorating environmental degradation situation in Nigeria should be effectively enforced.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Conical Cointegraton Regression (CCR), Democracy, Environmental Kuzet Curve, Economic Growth, Income Enequality

  References
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  Citation
  E.0. Okon, "Democracy and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Implications for the Environmental Kuznets Curve," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.61-69, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Problems of Labour Migration in Bihar

  Jagadish Prasad Baisantri

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp.70-74, Sep-2019

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

  References

  Citation

  Abstract
  Bihar has a long history of labour migration, and its pace has quickened over the past few decades. A lack of non-farm employment opportunities in rural Bihar, coupled with increasing demand for labour in other parts of the country has substantially increased the rate of labour migration from the state. However, a large number of migrant workers from Bihar are engaged in short term, casual and precarious employment at the destinations. They live and work in unsafe and unhygienic conditions. In the villages, households of migrant workers suffer from low and irregular remittances, semi-feudal systems, lack of access to social protection and basic services, as well as political exclusion. Three-quarters of rural Bihar is employed in the agricultural sector as marginal farmers or agricultural labourers, with very low returns. It has been argued that ‘semi-feudal’ systems of production continue in these regions, where power and land is concentrated in the hands of the upper castes. Caste, class and land ownership remain determinants of social, economic and political power. Migrant households, in particular, remain politically excluded, as they are away making a livelihood, rendering them unable to seek reform or entitlements. In this scenario, it is essential for all stakeholders, including the source and destination governments, as well as workers’ organisations, to understand and collectively respond to the issues and challenges of labour migration in Bihar.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Bihar, Labour, Migration, Employment and Government

  References
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  Citation
  Jagadish Prasad Baisantri , "Problems of Labour Migration in Bihar," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.9, pp.70-74, 2019