Volume-5 , Issue-1 , Jan 2019, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Low Pressure Steam from Waste Heat of Updraft Gasifier

  R N Singh, Abhishek David, V K Aharwal

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp.1-8, Jan-2019

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  Waste heat of producer gas generated from a force-updraft gasifier is utilized for steam generation. Generally Producer gas released from gasifier comes under medium temperature waste heat. This gas has temperatures ranging up to 350- 450°C depending upon the design of the gasifier, type of biomass, biomass flow rate est. Theoretically, it is possible to reduce the producer gas temperature up to room temperature (25-30°C). The producer gas temperature does not help to increase the energy content of gas. Thus to harness the heat of producer gas a pipe to pipe counter flow heat exchanger was designed, developed and used for waste heat recovery of gas. Hot producer gas flows in inner pipe and water flows in annulus of heat exchanger, in counter current manner. Low pressure steam was generated due to heat transfer between water and hot producer gas. Various parameters such as heat transfer coefficient of producer gas, water, surface temperature of producer gas carrying pipe of heat exchanger, mass flow rate of steam est. are calculated theoretically at mean outlet temperature of producer gas and results are compared with practical values of parameters obtained during gasifier run. On an average about 3.5 L/h water is converted into low pressure steam at an atmospheric pressure from waste heat of producer gas.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Updraft gasifier, Biomass, heat exchanger, waste heat, Low pressure steam

  References
  [1]. Amit Kumar Mishra, R N Singh and Pratyush Pingita Mishra, “Effect of Biomass Gasification on Environment” Mesop. Environ. j. Vol.1 (4):39-49, 2015.
  [2]. Wen and Lou “Heat recovery from coal gasifier”. Proceedings from the Third Industrial Energy Technology Conference Houston, report no. ESL-IE-81-04-37, Houston-Texas, 1981.
  [3]. R N Singh, Mandovra Shashank, and Jai Balwanshi,“Performance evaluation of jacketed cyclone for reduction of tar from producer gas” International Agricultural Engineering Journal Vol. 22 (3) PP: 1-5, 2013.
  [4]. Indeewara Amador, “Drying pulverized kernel of coconut for virgin coconut oil extraction from waste heat of a gasifier. Journal of natural science council of Sri Lanka,Wayamba, Sri lanka, 2008.
  [5]. Rakesh Jain, Devendra Dandotiya, Abhishek Jain, “Performance Improvement of a Boiler through Waste Heat Recovery from an Air Conditioning Unit”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.2 (2) pp: 405-412, 2013.
  [6]. V K Aharwal, and R N Singh “Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Horizontal Biomass Gasifier” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.4 (2), pp.1-7, 2018.
  [7]. Y. A. Cengel, “Heat Mass Transfer” 3rd ed. TMH Publications, Delhi, 1989.
  [8]. R N Singh and D Asha (2018), Book Chapter on Thermo- Chemical Conversion of Solid Biomass. In: Low Carbon Energy Supply - Trends, Technology, Management”, published by Springer Nature Singapore pp; 175-202, 2018.
  [9]. R N Singh, J B Balwanshi, V K Aharwal and S P Singh, “Experimental Investigation of Horizontal gasifier”, International Journal of Science, Technology and Society Vol. 2 (1&2) PP: 50-55, 2016.
  [10]. Kaupp, and J. R. Goss, “Small scale gas producer engine system”. Published by Vieweg fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmabH, Eschborn. 1984.
  [11]. ASTM Standards, American Society for Testing of Material Philadelphia, 1983.
  [12]. R N Singh, and K N Patil, “SPRERI method for quick measurement of moisture content of biomass fuels” SESI Journal, 11 (1) pp: 25 – 28, 2001.
  

  Citation
  R N Singh, Abhishek David, V K Aharwal, "Low Pressure Steam from Waste Heat of Updraft Gasifier," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.1-8, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  To Study the Mechanical Properties of AISI H11 Tool Steel after Heat Treatment

  Harvinder Singh, Aneesh Goyal, Rajdeep Singh

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp.9-14, Jan-2019

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  Belonging to the class of chromium tool steels, AISI H11 possesses very good toughness and hardness, and is therefore suitable for hot metalforming jobs performed at very high loads. Mostly used in fabrication of helicopter rotor blades, H11 also has great potential as a die steel in hot-work forging and extrusion. This alloy steel can be heat treated to increase the service life and dimensional accuracy of the die and tooling. Main aim of the current investigation was to formulate an optimum heat treatment strategy for H11 steel, especially for hot work applications. High-speed milling and electric discharge machining were used to fabricate samples for tensile and impact testing. After various types of heat treatment (annealing, austenitizing, air cooling or oil quenching, single and double tempering), these samples were tested for hardness, toughness (impact), yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility. Microstructural analysis was also performed to analyze the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties. As tempering temperature increases, hardness initially increases and then starts to gradually decrease; impact strength first decreases and then increases; and yield strength exhibits a fluctuating pattern of initial decline followed by an increase and another decrease. Even though H11 steel is highly suitable for both hot and cold-work, it is surprisingly not a common choice for metalworking dies and tools. Results presented here can encourage die designers and hot-work practitioners to explore the versatility of this tool steel, and to adopt appropriate heat treatment strategies for different applications.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  H11 tool steel, hardness, toughness, tensile properties, optimum heat treatment, microstructure

  References
  [1] Kaszynski J, Breitler R (2002), How the Steelmaking Process Influences the Properties of Hot Work Die Steels, Technical Paper - Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Issue CM02-216, p 1-12
  [2]ASM International (1990), ASM Handbook Volume 1: Properties and Selection  Nonferrous Alloys and Special Purpose Materials, 10th edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio
  [3]Davis JR (ed) (1995), ASM Specialty Handbook: Tool Materials, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio
  [4] Roberts GA, Krauss G, Kennedy R (1998), Tool Steels, 5th edition, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio
  [5]Szumera J (2003), The Tool Steel Guide, Industrial Press, New York
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  [7] Fnides B, Yallese MA, Aouici H (2008), Hard Turning of Hot Work Steel AISI H11: Evaluation of Cutting Pressures, Resulting Force and Temperature, Mechanika, 72 (4), p 59-63
  [8] Klobčar Da , Tušek Ja, Taljat Bb (2008), Thermal Fatigue of Materials for Die-Casting Tooling, Materials Science and Engineering A, 472 (1-2), p 198-207
  [9]Cornacchia G, Gelfi M, Faccoli M, Roberti R (2008), Influence of Aging on Microstructure and Toughness of Die-Casting Die Steels, International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties, 3 (2-3), p 195-205
  [10] Pellizzari M, Zadra M, Molinari A (2007), Tribological Properties of Surface Engineered Hot Work Tool Steel for Aluminum Extrusion Dies, Surface Engineering, 23 (3), p 165-168
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  [12] Nolan D, Leskovsek V, Jenko M (2006), Estimation of Fracture Toughness of Nitride Compound Layers on Tool Steel by Application of Vickers Indentation Method, Surface and Coating Technology, vol. 201, p 182-188
  [13] Totten GE (ed) (2007), Steel Heat Treatment Handbook; Vol 1: Metallurgy and Technologies; Vol 2: Equipment and Process Design, 2nd edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton
  [14] ASM International (1991), ASM Handbook Volume 4: Heat Treating, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio
  [15] ASTM E18 (2008), Standard Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials, American Society of Testing and Materials
  [16] ASTM E23 (2007), Standard Test Method for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials, American Society of Testing and Materials
  [17] ASTM E8 (2008), Standard Test Method for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, American Society of Testing and Materials
  [18] Qamar SZ, Sheikh AK, Arif AFM (2008), A CVN-KIC Correlation for H13 Tool Steels, International Journal of Materials and Product Technology (IJMPT), 33 (4), p 421-432
  [19] Qamar SZ, Sheikh AK, Arif AFM, Pervez T (2006), Regression-Based CVN-KIC Models for Hot Work Tool Steels, Materials Science and Engineering A, 430 (1-2), August 2006, p 208-215
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  Citation
  Harvinder Singh, Aneesh Goyal, Rajdeep Singh, "To Study the Mechanical Properties of AISI H11 Tool Steel after Heat Treatment," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.9-14, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Impact of Effective Leadership in Organizational Performance

  Alhaji Umar Lawal Aliyu

  Review Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp.15-25, Jan-2019

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  A leader is a person or thing that has power and influence over others or he is higher in rank, status or quality among his counterparts or field and is able to exercise a higher degree of control or influence over others. A leader is a person who tries to balance varying interest among managers, employees and other business stakeholder. In all varying degrees of life, leadership involves establishing a clear vision, sharing that vision with others so that they follow instructions willingly. It provides the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision. It also coordinates and balances the conflicting interests of all members and stakeholders. A good leader must take responsibility for the well-being and improvement of his followers always because as a leader, you need to think about how each individual affects the group and how all members of the group are fleering whether good or bad. Effective leadership is one key element in the success of a group and virtually anyone can learn to be an effective leader. It will be good to have in mind that we need leadership in all aspect and facets of life in order to have a truly democratic society. The thrust of the research work is to examine leadership and impact of effective leadership in organizational performance. The thesis shall take into account what is leadership, types of leaderships, and the best way to achieve best leadership results.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Control, Follower, Leadership, Management, Organisation, Performance, Society

  References
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  [15]. Robbins, S. P. & Coulter, M. (2007). Management. 9th Edition. USA: Pearson, Singapore: Mc-Graw Hill Inc.
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  [17]. The 9 Top points of Common leadership styles Info-graphic BY TEC Executive Connection
  [18]. The Impact of Leadership Styles on Job Stress and Turnover Intention: Taiwan Insurance Industry as an Example. www.hclee@ttu.edu.tw Lee and Chuang (2009).
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  [21]. Zeitchik, S. (2012). 10 Ways to Define Leadership. Business News Daily
  

  Citation
  Alhaji Umar Lawal Aliyu, "Impact of Effective Leadership in Organizational Performance," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.15-25, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  A Study on Management of Stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital

  Bini Susan Isaac, Bharathi.D.R ,Priyanka.N, Joshni John

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp.26-41, Jan-2019

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  Aim : According to World Health Organisation,15 million people suffer stroke worldwide each year. Of these 5 million die and another 5 million are permanently disabled. Stroke has already reached epidemic proportions .1 in 6 people worldwide will have a stroke in their life time. One of the main disease processes leading to stroke is Diabetes Mellitus. The prevalence of stroke increases significantly with age and other risk factors includes tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, harmful use of alcohol, atrial fibrillation, raised lipid levels, obesity ,male gender, genetic disposition and psychological factors. So it is necessary to identify the risk factors and to assess the prescription pattern of stroke, whereby further complications can be prevented to a larger extend. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of stroke, to assess the risk factors associated with stroke ,to assess the prescription pattern of stroke, to assess the impact of patient counseling regarding stroke. Materials and Methods : A prospective observational study conducted for a period of six months in Intensive Care Unit of Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital and Research Centre ,Chitradurga. Results: The prevalence of stroke was found to be 50 %.The non modifiable risk factors mainly include age and sex. The age group between 51- 60 were more prone to have stroke(57.3%),among which males are more prone (68.8%). Modifiable risk factors which includes hypertension, diabetes mellitus, alcohol and smoking. Among these risk factors hypertension is more prevalent (85.2%).The most commonly prescribing drugs given for the management of stroke were anti hypertensives (26.1%) ,followed by other drugs which includes citicoline and piracetam (23.5%), followed by antiplatelets which includes clopiogrel, aspirin mixed (17.5%), followed by hypolipidemic drugs (12.7%).The least prescribed drugs were anti diabetics (5.3%) . Conclusion: The present study helped to identify the cases with predominant symptoms of stroke and to estimate various risk factors in such patients. These findings in our study stress the need for early appropriate management to prevent further complications of stroke. Combination therapy, life style changes and better management of risk factors said to have a major effect on recovery of stroke with improved symptoms.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Prevalence, risk factors, prescription pattern

  References
  [1] World Health Organization,” The World Health Report 2004.The World Heath Report, Geneva: the World Health Organization”, 2004.
  [2] RM Zweifler,” Management of acute stroke”,South Medicine Journal,Volume 96,pp380-5,2003.
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  Citation
  Bini Susan Isaac, Bharathi.D.R ,Priyanka.N, Joshni John, "A Study on Management of Stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.26-41, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Examination of Complex Signatures for Conclusive Opinion

  Vishvendra Narayan, Munish Kumar Mishra, Lav Kesharwani, Neha Yadav

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp.42-50, Jan-2019

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  The verification of signatures handwritten signatures is one of the oldest and most popular biometric authentication methods in our society. A history which spends several hundred years have ensured that is has a wide legal acceptance all around the world. A methodology adopted for examination of complex signature based on angle measurement of cross-section of strokes in signature that was previously validated has been applied to 30 writers in order to quantify the degree of angle of cross-section of stroke at the 5 different points at different cross-section among handwritten signatures. In this methodology, the discriminating power of parameter extracted from signature was investigated. The angle of connecting strokes (1st to 5th point) appeared to be most discriminant. Finally, the difference between writers could be characterized more precisely. The individual writers were distinguished by the variability of parameters of angle of their cross-section in stroke and the morphological cross-section between its different letters. The correct discrimination rates reached in the study suggested that carrying out an expertise of fragmentary samples of handwriting comprising only angle of cross-section is completely possible.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Forensic science Signature, forged signature, complex signature

  References
  [1]. Cha (2001), Comprehensive survey on distance/similarity measures between probability density functions, international journal of mathematical models and methods in applied sciences. Issue 4, volume 1
  [2]. Cha, S. H., and Srihari, S.N. (2000), writer identification: Statistical Analysis and Dichomizer, Proc. SPR & SSPR Alicante, LNCS-Advance in Pattern Recognition, vol. 1876, pp 123-132.
  [3]. E. Chartrel, and A. Vinter (2008). The impact of spatio-temporal constraints on cursive letter handwriting in children. In journal of Forensic Science Learning and instruction 18 537e47.
  [4]. Cheng, Nai-jen, Wen Chi-Jan and Hon-Fai Yau, (1998) Handwritten Chinese signature verification based on attributed string matching of stroke linkage order, 32nd Annual 1998 International Carnahan Conference pp-238-243.
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  [6]. Fang, B., Leung, C. and Tang, Y, (2003) Off-line signature verification by the tracking of feature and stroke positions, vol. 36, pp-91-101.
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  [8]. Furuhashi, T., Yang, X., Uchikawa, Y. and Obata, K. (1995) learning Systems, Man and Cybernetics, ‘Intelligent Systems for the 21st Century’. IEEE International Conference vol.(5), pp- 4383-4386.
  [9]. Han Ke, K., Ishwar, Sethi. (1996) Handwritten signature retrieval and identification, Vision and Neural Networks Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA vol.(17), 83-90.
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  [13]. Lee S. and Pan J. C, (1992), “Off line tracing and representation of signature”, vol. 22, pp- 755-771.
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  [16]. R. Marquis, F. Taroni S, Bozza, M, Schmittbuhl. (2006), “Quantitative characterization of morphological polymorphism of handwritten characters loops” Forensic Science International 164 pp 211–220.
  [17]. S. Srihari, S. Cha, H. Arora, and S. Lee, (2002), “Individuality of handwriting,” in Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol. 47, no.4. ASTM International, pp. 1–17.
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  [19]. Solar Javier Ruiz-Del, Devia Christ, Loncomilla Patricio and Concha Felipe (2008), Offline Signature Verification Using Local Interest Points and Descriptors, Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis and Applications, pp-22-29.
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  [23]. Zhang, B. and Srihari, S. N. (2003), Analysis of handwriting individuality using word features, in: Proceedings of the Seventh international Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), Edinburgh, Scotland, pp 1142-1146.
  

  Citation
  Vishvendra Narayan, Munish Kumar Mishra, Lav Kesharwani, Neha Yadav, "Examination of Complex Signatures for Conclusive Opinion," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.42-50, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  The Future of Global Civil Society in Our Contemporary World

  ALI Usman D.; YAHAYA Garba S.

  Review Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp.51-57, Jan-2019

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  Abstract
  This paper assesses global civil society, how global civil society was emerged from historical point of view. The paper explains the linkages between governance and global civil society, the institutions, functions/roles and the challenges of global civil society. The paper argues that global civil society operates beyond state territories and the reach of sovereign national government. The findings shows that global civil society plays a very important role in molding our daily lives, from how we relate to the policies that guide laws and regulations in the society, authoritarian regimes in third countries give little room for global civil society to growth and developed independently, there is a distrust between the globally civil societies and government in power and is fueled by rivalry and antagonism, religion has an impact on the development, functions and growth global of civil society, colonialism in third world countries also retard the development of global civil society. Finally the paper offers recommendations and suggestions that could help to maximize the benefits of global civil society.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Global, Civil Society, Governance, Roles, Challenges

  References
  [1]. Rosenau, et al. (1992). Governance without Government, Order and Change in World Politics: Cambridge University Press. 12-45.
  [2]. Immanuel, Kant. (1991). Ideal for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose: Cambridge,Cambridge University Press. 67-98.
  [3]. Hegel, George, W. F. (1991). Elements of the Philosophy of Right: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 12-34.
  [4]. Marx, Karl. (1970). Critique of Hegel Philosophy of Right: Cambridge University Press. 12-19.
  [5]. Burchill, Graham. (1991). Peculiar Interest, Civil Society Governing, The System of National Liberty: London. Harvester. 89.
  [7]. Anheier, H, M. et al. (2000). Introducing Global Civil Society: Oxford University Press. 2.
  [8]. Kaldor, Mary. (2003). Global Civil Society, An Answer to War? Oxford University Press.
  [9]. Lipschutz, Ronnie, D. (1996). Global Civil Society and Global Environmental Governance: State University of New York.
  [10]. Leon, Gordenker, et al. (1995). Pluralizing Global Governance. Analytical Approaches and Dimension: Third World Quaterly. 16 (3) 357.
  [12]. John, Kean. et al (2003). Global Civil Society? Publish by the magazine: Council on Foreign Relations, USA. 22 (2).
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  [14]. Colas, Alejandro. (2002). International Civil Society. Social Movement in World Politics: Polity Press.
  [15]. UNESCO. (2OOI). Governance and Democracy, As an Ethical Organization and a Critical Think Tank.
  [16]. Arator, A. (2000). Civil Society, Constitution, and Legitimacy: New York, Columbia University Press. 2.
  [17]. Turner, Scott. (1998). Global Civil Society and Governance, Assessing an Emerging Paradigm: Journal of Peace Research. 23-44.
  [18]. Weiss, Thomas, G. (1999). International NGOs, Global Governance and Social Policy in the UN System, Globalism and Social System: Polity Press. 34.
  

  Citation
  ALI Usman D.; YAHAYA Garba S., "The Future of Global Civil Society in Our Contemporary World," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.51-57, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  “Menstrual Hygiene: Myths and Beliefs a Knowledge Attitude and Practice Study”

  Joshni John, B. Shankar Reddy, Mamatha Reddy, Bini Sussan Issac

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp.58-64, Jan-2019

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  Menarche is an important milestone in life of girl which signifies onset of fertility in women. Poor menstrual hygiene cause reproductive tract infection which is morbidity that suffered by many women. Teaching basic facts about menstrualcycle is chance to know about their bodies, correct myths and misinformation they have learned. Objectives: To assess and improve the knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene and to assess risk factors for irregular menstruation assess usage of medication during menstruation. Material and Methods:This study was conducted in selected hostels of Chitradurga. Students will be selected from hostels and conducted pre-test. Immediately after pre -test, students are educated regarding menstrual hygiene. After a gap of 15 days again hostel students are given same questionnaire and answers are collected Results: In our study 172 girls participated .121 subjects’ preferred sanitary pad during menarche as menstrual absorbent, 160 of respondents washed hands after changing pad, 99 subjects washed with Luke warm water, 101 girls practiced different restrictions during Mensus.Conclusion:The adolescent girls should educated about the facts of menstruation, physiological implications and proper hygienic practices. This can be achieved through the mothers, health staff, school teachers and educational television program

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Knowledge regarding menstrual hygiene, PMS, Menarche, Menstrual Cycle

  References
  [1] H Thakur , A Aaronson , S Bans ode , CS Lund Borg , S Dalvie ,E Faxelid . ‘Knowledge, Practice and restriction related to menstruation among young women from low socioeconomic community in Mumbai’. Frontiers in Public Health. Volume 2,Issue 72,PP 1-7,2014
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  Citation
  Joshni John, B. Shankar Reddy, Mamatha Reddy, Bini Sussan Issac, "“Menstrual Hygiene: Myths and Beliefs a Knowledge Attitude and Practice Study”," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.58-64, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Poststructuralism in International Relations

  YAHAYA Garba S, ALI Usman

  Review Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp.65-69, Jan-2019

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  This paper examined Post- Structuralism within the context of International Relations, despite the fact that, post-structuralism actually give a number of general and constructive puzzle which can be administered in other to approach the study of international politics in a different directions. This paper structured as follows; Introduction, which covered pre-amble and general insight of post structuralism, the emergence of post structuralism which highlighted the development and assertion of structuralism and post structuralism in International relations. This paper further analyses the consequences and prospect of post structuralism in International relations and scholarly argument from Walker R.B.J in one hand and Campbell David in the other hand in regard to post structuralism in international relations and finally, conclusion was extracted. From the foregoing argument, it can be clearly agreed that, both David Campbell and Walker R.B.J. conceive the same view that, our political imagination restricts us from understanding our contemporary situation. Upon all, post structuralists consider interpretation and representation are indispensable and unavoidable when it comes to engaging both the domain of international politics and the field of international relations.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Poststructuralist, Consequences, Emergence, International Relations

  References
  [1]. Campbell, D. (2006) Post Structuralism. In, T. Dunne, M. Kurki and S. Smith eds. International
  [2]. Attridge, D. et al (1989) Post Structuralism and the Question of History. Cambridge, UK. Cambridge University Press.
  [3]. Anger Muller, J (2015) Why there is No Post structuralism in French. The Making of an Intellectual Generation. London, Bloomsbury.
  [4]. Merquior, J.G. (1987) Foucault. Fontana Modern Masters Series. University of California Press.
  [5]. Anger Muller, J (2014) Post Structuralist Discourse Analysis. Subjectivity in Enunciatively Pragmatics. Hound mills, Basingstoke; Palgrave Macmillan.
  [6]. Barthes, R. (1967) Elements of Semiology. New York: Hill and Wang.
  [7]. Ashley, R (1996)The Achievements of Post Structuralism. In; S. Smith, K. Booth and M.Z eds.
  [8]. Smith, S. (1996) Positivism and Beyond. In; K. Booth and M. Zalewski, eds. International Theory. Positivism and Beyond, Cambridge University Press.
  [9]. George, J. (1994) Discourses of Global Politics. Boulder Co: Lynne Reinner. Important Discussion of the Interdisciplinary Debates in the Social Science, that make a Post Structuralism Account Possible.
  [10]. Eaglesone, R. and Pitt, S. (2009) The Good of History; Ethics, Post-Structuralism and the Representation of the Post. Rethinking History. The Journal of Theory and Practice.
  [11]. International Theory. Positivism and Beyond. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
  [12]. Gregory, D. (1989). Foreword. In: International/In textual Relations: Postmodern Reading of World Politics. New York: Lexington Books.
  [13]. Ashley, R (1988) Untying the Sovereign State.A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique. Millennium. Journal of International Studies.
  [14]. Walker, R.B.J. (1993) Inside/Outside. International Relations as Political Theory. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  [15]. Otuathail, G. (1994) Critical Geopolitics and Development Theory. Intensifying the Dialogue. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers.
  [16]. Edkins, J. (1999) Post-structuralism and International Relations. Bringing the Political Back. In, Boulder Co. Lynne Reinner; Provides a Good Introduction to the Work of Derrida and Foucault, amongst others, Emphasizing Questions of Subjectivity and Politics.
  [17]. Campbell, D. and Shapiro, M.J. (1999) Introduction. From Ethical Theory to the Ethical Relations, In Devid, C. and Micheal, J.S. eds. Moral Spaces; Rethinking Ethics and World Politics. Minneapolis and London. University of Minneasota Press.
  [18]. George, J. (1995) Realist Ethics International Relations and Postmodernism; Thinking Beyond the Egoism-Anarchy Thematic, Millennium Journal of International Studies.
  [19]. Campbell, D. (1998) Why Fight. Humanitarianism, Principles and Post Structuralism, Millennium; Journal of International Studies.
  

  Citation
  YAHAYA Garba S, ALI Usman, "Poststructuralism in International Relations," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.65-69, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria: Causes and Consequences

  ALI Usman D., YAHAYA Garba S.

  Review Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp.70-77, Jan-2019

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Nigeria has a population of (one hundred and eighty million) 180,000,000 million inhabitants with over 250 different ethnic groups and over 400 spoken different languages and dialects. The multicultural nature of the Nigerian society with its sharp ethnic and religious differences has generated various versions of ethnic identity and question which has threaten the existence of Nigerian communities by turning to ethnic conflict, and have created dangerous suspicion, distrust and conflicting antagonistic relationship among the various ethnic nationalities in Nigeria, and this is affecting the successful operations of democracy, because, religion and ethnicity are manipulated by the Nigerian political class for their own personnel gain. The aims and objectives of this paper is to interrogate the causes and consequences of ethnic conflict in Nigeria. For the purpose of this paper, qualitative method of data collection has been adopted; materials were derived from secondary sources of data. The effect of ethnic conflict in Nigeria is on thousands of women, the aged and children have been compel to desert their homes and seek refuge in neighboring villages, towns and countries due to the ethnic conflict.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Ethnic Conflict, Causes, Consequences, Nigeria

  References
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  Citation
  ALI Usman D., YAHAYA Garba S., "Ethnic Conflict in Nigeria: Causes and Consequences," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.70-77, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Impact of Motivation on Worker’s Productivity in an Organization: A Study of Laluco Nigeria Limited

  Alhaji Umar Lawal Aliyu

  Review Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp.78-116, Jan-2019

  Abstract

  Full-Text HTML

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  Abstract
  To motive is what prompts a person to act in a certain way or at least develop an inclination for specific behavior. Motivation is a theoretical construct used to explain behavior. It gives the reason for people`s actions, desires, and needs. Motivation is what causes a person to do or want to repeat a behavior and vice versa. Motivation results from the interaction of both conscious and unconscious factors such as the intensity of desire or need, incentive or reward and expectations of the individual and of his or her peers. These factors are the reasons one has for behaving in a certain way. The purpose of this research work is to identify, examine and investigate the effect of motivation on the productivity of workers in an organization. In the course of carrying out this research work, questionnaire method of research was employed and collected data’s were Tabulated, then simple percentage method, and IBM SPSS were used to test the hypothesis. The study is a self-conducted research on how motivational tools can affect the performance of employee for betterment. The study also focused on de-motivation factors affecting employee performance negatively. Employees of Laluco Nigeria limited were selected at random, interviewed with self-administrated questionnaire in order to obtain primary data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis methods. The results obtained indicate that if employees are positively motivated, it improves both their effectiveness and efficiency drastically for achieving organizational goals.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Productivity, Scope and Limitations of the Study

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  Citation
  Alhaji Umar Lawal Aliyu, "Impact of Motivation on Worker’s Productivity in an Organization: A Study of Laluco Nigeria Limited," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.1, pp.78-116, 2019