Volume-7 , Issue-1 , Mar 2020, ISSN 2348-635X Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  BER Performance Analysis of an OFDM QPSK FSO System Considering AWGN Channel

  M.G. Raisa, T. Taher, J. Naiem, T. Islam

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp.1-4, Mar-2020

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  FSO is a communication system that uses light to transmit information in free space which acts as a medium between transmitters and receivers. This system is cost effective and easy to install. FSO has many advantages like low bit error rate and immunity to RF interference. The transmission in FSO can be difficult because of physical obstructions, atmospheric turbulence, pointing error, geometric losses, etc. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technique where data is encoded on multiple sub-carrier frequencies. Despite having problems like peak to average noise ratio, OFDM system has received significant attention due to its high data rates, less intersymbol interference and unlimited bandwidth. A simulation approach is made to analyze the BER and SNR performances. The results are evaluated by MATLAB, thus it can be useful for designing, predicting and evaluating an improved FSO system in the existing communication system. Results are calculated in terms of SNR and BER. If OFDM-QPSK is used instead of other modulation schemes then nearly 6dB gain can be obtained at a bit error rate of 10^-4.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  free space optic, quadrature phase shift keying, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, bit error rate, signal to noise ratio, additive white Gaussian noise

  References
  [1] Hanzra, T. Singh, and G. Singh. “Performance of free space optical communication system with BPSK and QPSK modulation.” IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSRJECE), Vol.1, Issue.3, pp.38-43, 2012.
  [2] S. Bloom, E. Korevaar, J. Schuster, and H. Willebrand. “Understanding the performance of free-space optics [Invited].” Journal of optical Networking, Vol.2, Issue.6, pp.178-200, 2003.
  [3] T. D. Memon, W. Ghangro, B. S. Chowdhry and A. A. shaikh, “Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulator & demodulator for Wireless Modem,” In the Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computer, Control and Communication, Karachi, pp.1-6, 2009.
  [4] M. Jain et al., “Performance optimized digital QPSK modulator,” In the Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS), Chennai, pp.68-71, 2017.
  [5] P. Vyas, N. Parihar, V. Gupta, R. Jain, “A Comparison Study for PSD Performance in OFDM Systems Based on Using Autocorrelation Techniques,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.1, Issue.2, pp.10-14, 2013.
  [6] N. S. Singh and G. Singh, “Performance Analysis of OFDM-FSO System using BPSK, QPSK & 8-PSK Modulation Techniques.” International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.66, Issue.17, pp.44-47, 2013.
  [7] S. Ali, M. Rahman, D. Hossain, S. Islam and M. Islam, “Simulation and bit error rate performance analysis of 4G OFDM systems,” In the Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, Khulna, pp.138-143, 2008.
  [8] N. J. Borkar and D. S. Bormane, “BER performance of OFDM system with adaptive modulation,” In the Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Complex Systems (ICCS), Agadir, pp.1-8, 2012.
  [9] S.K. Rony, F.A. Mou, M.M. Rahman. “Performance Analysis of OFDM Signal Using BPSK and QPSK Modulation Techniques.” American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), Vol.6, Issue.1, pp.108-117, 2017.
  [10] D. C. Wyld, M. Wozniak, N. Chaki, N. Meghanathan, and D. Nagamalai. “Advances in Network Security and Applications: 4th International Conference”, Springer Publishing Company, Chennai, India, 2011.
  [11] T. P. Surekha, T. Ananthapadmanabha and C. Puttamadappa, “Modeling and Performance Analysis of QAM-OFDM System with AWGN Channel,” In the Proceedings of the 3rd Pacific-Asia Conference on Circuits, Communications and System (PACCS), Wuhan, pp.1-4, 2011.
  [12] M. Raju and K. A. Reddy, “Evaluation of BER for AWGN, Rayleigh fading channels under M-QAM modulation scheme”, In the Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT), Chennai, pp.3081-3086, 2016.
  [13] R. Raut and K. Kulat, “Novel approach: Codec design for WiMax system” In the Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking, St. Thomas, VI, pp.1-6, 2008.
  

  Citation
  M.G. Raisa, T. Taher, J. Naiem, T. Islam, "BER Performance Analysis of an OFDM QPSK FSO System Considering AWGN Channel," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.1-4, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Enactment Measure of Midblock under Existing Condition by Adopting Sidra Intersection 5.1 Software

  Dagimwork Asele Manuka

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp.5-11, Mar-2020

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  the main objective of this paper is to compute flow appearances of the selected midblock and evaluate with various performance measures both in current and future condition conditions with basic considerations. Sidra Intersection 5.1 software used for the analysis and the result indicate that in average travel speed, variations perceived for all midblock. In future condition, South star-Godegohada midblock shows high deviation, which is 25.15% extra than Mobile-Areb sefer and 64.34% than Alamura-SNNPR Health Bureau midblock due to average delay, and cruise speed of the section. The degree of saturation, between 0.73-1.76 values for all midblock. In future condition, Mobile-Areb sefer midblock displays 50% increment in degree of saturation, which is 27.16% more than South star-Godegohada, and 31.69% than Alamura-SNNPR Health Bureau. In practical spare capacity, Mobile-Areb sefer and South star-Godegohada display negative value, which demand of flow is exceeding than the traffic flow carrying capacity. The future condition of Mobile-Areb sefer requires less in demand flow rate to equalize the above degree of saturation, which 102.52% lower than South star-Godegohada and 221.25% than Alamura-SNNPR Health Bureau midblock. In total effective capacity, based on adjusting total demand of flow and degree of saturation are declines for all midblock gradually. Mobile-Areb sefer is more 2.37 times than South star-Godegohada and 4.03 times than Alamura-SNNPR Health Bureau, midblock will decline in future condition. In demand of flow, deviation observed due to location of section, surrounding activities, condition of the road, configuration in traffic and pattern of traffic movement along those corridors.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Capacity, Demand of flow, Degree of saturation, Midblock, Performance measure

  References
  [1] V. T. Arasan and R. Z. Koshy, "Methodology for Modeling Highly Heterogeneous," Journal of Transportation Engineering , vol. 131, no. 7, pp. 544-551, 2015.
  [2] C. Jilin, H. Zhejiang and Q. Shandong, "Analysis of Traffic Flow Speed-density Relation Model Characteristics," Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 104-110, January 12, 2014.
  [3] J. C. Oppenlander, General Traffic characteristics, vol. IV, J. Baerwald, Ed., Vermont: Hall,INC..Englewood cliffs.New Jersey, p.73, 1976.
  [4] L. Elefteriadou, An Introduction to traffic flow theory, M. P. Panos and Z. . D. Ding, Eds., Florida: Springer, p. 141, 2014.
  [5] C. F. Daganzo, Fundamental of transporation and traffic operations, Berkeley,California: Pergamon, p. 67, 1996.
  [6] M. Rogers, Highway Engineering, 1st ed., vol. I, Ireland: TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall, p. 73, 2003.
  [7] R. P. Roess, E. S. Prassas and W. R. Mcshane, Traffic Engineering, 3rd ed., New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, p. 114, 2004.
  [8] HCM, Highway capacity Manual.Trasporation Research Board, Washington,D.C: National Research Council, p. 8-12, 2000.
  [9] MWTDB-Minstry of Water and Trasport Department of Botswaa, "Traffic Data Collection and Analysis," Gaborone,Botswana, p. 12-15, 2004.
  [10] M. A. Marek, Roadway Design Manual, Texas,department of transporation: Design Division, p. 34-36, 2010.
  [11] S. Maerivoe and B. D. Moor, "Traffic Flow Theory," Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, vol. I, no. 2, p. 2-4, Feaburary 2, 2008.
  [12] HCM, Highway Capacity Manual, Washington D.C: Transporation of Research Board of National Academies, p. 16-8, 2010.
  

  Citation
  Dagimwork Asele Manuka , "Enactment Measure of Midblock under Existing Condition by Adopting Sidra Intersection 5.1 Software," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.5-11, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Compression Loading Behaviour of some Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Varieties

  A.O. Atere, A.P. Olalusi, O.J. Olukunle, and S.O. Adejuwon

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp.12-17, Mar-2020

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  The compressive strength of three varieties (TZE COMP 5-W, ART/98/SW1, and Suwan-1-SR-Y) of quality protein maize (QPM) commonly grown in Nigeria was study using a Universal Testing Machine (Model 3369). Three clean and healthy maize grain samples with same approximate dimensions were carefully selected and tested. The grain was loaded in two axes (lengthwise and breadthwise). Each seed was positioned in between the compression plates of the UTM. The gauge length was reduced to a minimum to prevent buckling during compression loading. The average of the three best values of the compressive strength and other properties were recorded as the final values for the respective properties. The compressive load at maximum compressive stress for the three varieties TZE COMP 5-W, ART/98/SW1-Y and SUWAN 1-SR-Y were 169.75, 209.74 and 96 N respectively while the compressive extension at maximum compressive stress for the three varieties TZE COMP 5-W, ART/98/SW1-Y and SUWAN 1-SR-Y were 1.52, 1.57 and 1.16 mm respectively lengthwise. The compressive load at break were 145.20, 101.43 and 48.13 N (lengthwise), 69.00, 30.44 and 85.67 N (breadthwise) for TZE COMP 5-W, ART 98/SWI-Y and SUWAN 1-SR-Y respectively. However, the study revealed that the TZE COMP 5-W required more force to separate the particles followed by ART/98/SW1-Y variety while SUWAN 1-SR-Y has the least.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  QPM, Compression, lengthwise, breadthwise and Varieties

  References
  [1] Premi, B.R, Singh, S.S., and Esakkimuthu, V. “Department of Agriculture, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development” (NABARD), Himachal Pradesh, Shimla, India. 2011
  [2] Wudiri, B.B. “Cereals in the food economy of Nigeria”. In: Recent developments of cereal production in Nigeria. Lawani, S. M. and Babaleye T (eds) IITA Ibadan Nigeria. 1991
  [3] Ogunbodede B.A., and Olakojo S.A. “Development of Sriga asiastica tolerant hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) varieties:” Tropical Agriculture Research and Extension Vol. 4, Issue.1, pp. 2001
  [4] Olakojo S. A., “New crop varieties for Agricultural Transformation of Nigeria. Institute of Agricultural Research and Training”. Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan (Supported by Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa), pp. 58, 2014
  [5] Mohsenin, N.N. “Physical characteristics and Mechanical Properties,” Revised Edition. Gordon and breach Science Publishers. New York. pp. 94 - 96, 798 – 804, 1986.
  [6] Sahay K.M. and Singh K.K., “Unit Operations of Agricultural Processing,” Vikas Press, New Delhi, India, 2001.
  [7] Gaytan-MartinezM., Figueroa-Cardenas J.D., Reyes-Vega M.L., Rincon-Sanchez F., and Morales-SanchezE., “Microstructure of starch granule related to kernel hardness in corn,” Rev. Fitotec. Mex., 29, pp 135-139, 2006.
  [8] Tarighi, J., Mahmoudi, A. and Alavi, N. “Some mechanical and physical properties of corn seed (Var. DCC 370),” African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 6, Issue.16, pp. 3691-3699, 2011.
  [9] Sobukola, O. P., Kajihausa, O. E., Onwuka, V. I. and Esan, T. A. “Physical properties of high quality maize (Swam 1 variety) seeds (Zea mays) as affected by moisture levels,” African Journal of Food Science Vol. 7, Issue.1, pp. 1-8, 2013.
  [10] Stasiak M., Molenda M., Opaliński I., and Błaszczak W. “Mechanical properties of native maize, wheat, and potato starches,” Czech J. Food Sci., 31: pp. 347–354, 2013.
  [11] Babic, L., Radojcin, M., Pavkov, I., Turan, J., Babic, M., and Zoranovic, M. “Physical properties and compression loading behaviour of corn (Zea mays L.) seed,” Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture Vol.15, Issue.3, pp. 118-126, 2011.
  [12] Changnv Zeng and Yuke Wang. “Compressive behaviour of wheat from confined uniaxial compression tests.” Int. Agrophys,. pp. 33, 347-354, 2019
  [13] Boac J.M., Bhadra R., Casada M.E., Thompson S.A., Turner A.P., Montross M.D., ... and Maghirang R.G.,. “Stored grain pack factors for wheat: Comparison of three methods to field measurements.” Transactions of the ASABE, Vol.58, Issue.4, pp. 1089-1101, 2015. https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.58.10898
  [14] Fitzpatrick J.J., Barringer S.A., and Iqbal T., “Flow property measurement of food powders and sensitivity of Jenike’s hopper design methodology to the measured values.” J. Food Eng., Vol.61, Issue.3, 399-405. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(03)00147-x
  [15] Gao M., Cheng X., and Du X., “Simulation of bulk density distribution of wheat in silos by finite element analysis.” J. Stored Products Res., Vol.77, pp. 1-8. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspr.2018.02.003
  [16] Ramírez A., Moya M., and Ayuga F., “Determination of the mechanical properties of powdered agricultural products and sugar.” Particle and Particle Systems Characterization, 26(4), 220-230, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200800016
  [17] Horabik J. and Molenda M., “Mechanical properties of granular materials and their impact on load distribution in silo: a review.” Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica, Vol.45, Issue.4, pp. 203-211. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1515/sab-2015-0001
  [18] Ramírez A., Nielsen J., and Ayuga F., “Pressure measurements in steel silos with eccentric hoppers.” Powder Technol., Vol. 201, Issue.1, pp. 7-20, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.02.027
  [19] Tunde-Akintunde, T.Y., Olajide, J.O. and Akintunde, B.O. “Mass-volume-area related and mechanical properties of soybean,” International Journal of Food Properties. Vol.8, Issue.3: pp. 449-456, 2005.
  [20] Gorji, A., Rajabipour, A. and Tavakoli, H. “Fracture resistance of wheat grain as a function of moisture content, loading rate and grain orientation,” Australian Journal of Crop Science. Vol.4, Issue.6, pp. 448-452, 2010.
  [21] Ekinci, K., Yılmaz, D., and Ertekin, C. “Effects of moisture content and compression positions on mechanical properties of Carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua),” African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol.5, Issue 10, pp. 1015-1021, 2010.
  [22] A.O.C. “Official methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Chemist,” 12th ed. Washington DC, pp. 22-23, 1990.
  [23] Kayode, S. E., Olorunfemi, B. J. and Soyoye, B. “Determination of Engineering properties of some Nigerian local grain crops,” International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering Vol.3. Issue.1, pp. 10-18, 2018.
  [24] Atere, A. O., Olalusi, A. P. and Olukunle, O. J. “Physical properties of some maize varieties,” J. of Multidisciplinary Engineering Sci. and Tech. Vol.3, Issue.2, pp. 3874 – 3880, 2016.
  [25] Stasiak M., Molenda M., Opaliński I., Błaszczak W. “Mechanical properties of native maize, wheat, and potato starches.” Czech J. Food Sci., 31, Issue.4, pp. 347–354, 2013
  

  Citation
  A.O. Atere, A.P. Olalusi, O.J. Olukunle, and S.O. Adejuwon, "Compression Loading Behaviour of some Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Varieties," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.12-17, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Experimental Analysis of Capillary Tube and Thermostatic Expansion Valve in Domestic Refrigerator Using Eco-Friendly Refrigerant

  Yudhveer Kumar Verma, Ajay Singh and Ashish Verma

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp.18-24, Mar-2020

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  Abstract
  These work subtleties a technique to portray the presence of the capillary tube and Thermostatic expansion valve reasonable for expansion device in the domestic refrigerator just as think about the execution of various refrigerants (R134a, R290, and R600a). In this exploration work, we have investigated different refrigerants utilized in the refrigeration cycle which influence the earth, and our exertion is to diminish the impact of a dangerous atmospheric deviation by using appropriate refrigerants. R-134a is utilized in vapor compression refrigeration system having better thermodynamic properties than other refrigerants and zero ozone depletion potential (ODP), with the exception of Global Warming Potential (GWP). It has 1300 GWP every year. Hydrocarbon refrigerants (HC) for the most part propane, butane and isobutene are proposed as a domain amicable refrigerants. In this way we have utilized the mixed refrigerant of R-134a and R-290. which are ecological cordial, having low GWP, zero ODP. The trial results were contrasted and normally utilized refrigerants R-134a. In this examination work, 40 percent (200g) of R-600a is increasingly proficient on the capillary tube while the productivity is declined by 20 percent on thermostatic expansion valve. The mixed refrigerant of R-134a and R-290 give better execution on the two devices, the COP is increased by 25.8 percent on Thermostatic expansion valve and 22.5 percent on the capillary tube.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Capillary tube, Thermostatic expansion valve GWP, ODP, Alternative refrigerant and Refrigerant Blends

  References
  [1] Yudhveer Kumar Verma, Dr. Ajay Singh, Prof. Ashish Verma, "Study and Analysis of Capillary Tube and Thermostatic Expansion valve in Domestic Refrigerator using Eco friendly Refrigerant : A Review", International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Volume 6 Issue 1, pp. 480-487, 2019.
  [2] D.V.Raghunatha Reddy, P.Bhramara, K.Govindarajulu “Hydrocarbon Refrigerant mixtures as an alternative to R134a in Domestic Refrigeration system: The state-of-the-art review” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,Volume 7, Issue 6, pp. 220-228, 2016.
  [3] S. P. Chavan,Suraj, Tushar " Experimental Optimization of Capillary Tube in Domestic Refrigerator” International journal of recent research in civil and mechanical engineering Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp. 59-65, 2015.
  [4] S.V.Rao, Hitesh Sharma, Pankaj Kumar Gound, Tukaram Walgude, Shekhar Gavas “Experimental verification of performance of capillary tube using vapour compression refrigeration system ” International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering Volume: 3 Issue: 2 pp. 90-98, 2015.
  [5] Rohit Joshi, Vijay Patil “ Experimental analysis of Thermostatic expansion valve, Constant expansion device & Cap tube on vapour compression refrigeration system” International journal of scientific engineering and applied science Volume 2, Issue-6, pp. 160-168, 2016.
  [6] A.H.Dhumal,H.M.DAdange "Investigation of the influence of the various expansion devices on the performance of a refrigerator using R407c refrigerant." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology Volume 7 Issue 1 pp. 252-253, 2016.
  [7] Amol A. Gawali, Madhav S. Joshi, Rupesh L. Raut, Rahul A. Bhogare “Experiment analysis and performance testing of Capillary tube and thermostatic expansion valve”. International journal of science, engineering and technology. Volume 2 Issue 5 pp.327-336, 2014.
  [8] SandipP.Chavhan,S.D.Mahajan “A Review of an Alternative to R134aRefrigerant in Domestic Refrigerator”, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Volume 3, Issue 9 pp. 550-556, 2013.
  

  Citation
  Yudhveer Kumar Verma, Ajay Singh and Ashish Verma, "Experimental Analysis of Capillary Tube and Thermostatic Expansion Valve in Domestic Refrigerator Using Eco-Friendly Refrigerant," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.18-24, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Reliability Analysis of Poultry Bird Production Through Nigerian Made Incubator

  I.O. Adewumi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp.25-31, Mar-2020

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  Abstract
  Promotion of local content has been focus of Nigeria government and world at larg. But it is important to be sure about the standard of the content produced. This will avoid mixing quality with quantity. These research work specially focus on reliability analysis of poultry bird production through Nigerian made incubator. The researcher evaluate an incubator at Arise Gods Farm, Odo-Ona Elewe Ibadan. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was used to model time-series data and future forecast for a locally fabricated poultry egg incubator with the data made available between 36 months of use by a local poultry farmer with three of our researchers on field within the period. The ANN model was developed with 70% of the data for training, 20% for testing and 10% for model validation. Based on this model, forecasting was carried out on hatching process and also the failure rate of the machine. The input parameters include, months, numbers of eggs loaded in the incubator, number of birds produced, hatchability rate, failure rate, temperature and relative humidity. The result of the statistical analysis shows the effect of input parameters which include the number of eggs loaded, hatchability, failure rate, production period, had no significant difference at R² = 1. While the month, temperature and relative humidity point significantly (p < 0.005) influence on the machine reliability.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  ANN, analysis, artificial intelligence, incubator, Nigerian made, poultry

  References
  [1] T. A Adegbulugbe., A. O. Atere, O. G Fasanmi, “Development of Automatic Egg Incubator,” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol.4, Issue 9, pp.914, 2011.
  [2] N.A. French, “Modelling incubation temperature: The effect of incubator design, embryonic development and egg size,” Poultry Science Journal,Vol.76, Issue.5, pp.124-133, 1997.
  [3] G. A. Ogunwande, E. O. Akinola and A. R Lana, “Development Of A Biogas Powered Poultry Egg Incubator,” Ife Journal of Science, Vol.17, Issue.1, pp.219, 2015.
  [4] J. C Phillip, “Poultry Extension Specialist,” Journal of Animal and Poultry Sciences. Virginal Cooperative Extension, Vol.6, pp.5, 2016.
  [5] C.N Jaime, “Artificial Neural Networks in Mexican Agriculture: An Overview,” International Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, Vol.5, Issue.7, pp.3, 2018.
  [6] S.D Snehal and V.R Sandeep, “Agricultural Crop Yeild Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network Approach,” International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.1, pp.652, 2014.
  [7] S Jiri, Vladimir K, and T Oldrich, “Agricultural Data Prediction by Means of Neural Network,” International Journal of Agricultural Economics- Czech Republic, Vol.57, Issue.7, pp.356, 2014.
  [8] AM Negm, AA Ibrahim, GM Abdel-Aal, AA El-Saiad, “Modeling of characteristics of hydraulic jumps at asymmetric sudden expansions and symmetric divergence using neural networks,” Scientific Bulletin, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt, Vol.6, Issue.9, pp.22, 2001.
  

  Citation
  I.O. Adewumi, "Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Reliability Analysis of Poultry Bird Production Through Nigerian Made Incubator," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.25-31, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Productivity Rate Affecting Factors for a Highway Project

  Ermias Amede

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp.32-36, Mar-2020

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  Abstract
  Prior determination of productivity rate has a practical impact on time and cost estimates of highway projects. The accuracy of productivity rate measurement is highly related to how successfully one identifies and uses the critical factors affecting the productivity rate. Hence it is crucial to distinguish the critical productivity factor in highway construction projects. This study was initiated to identify and study the impact of critical factors that are affecting the productivity rate of highway construction earthwork. Given the dynamic and context-dependent nature of productivity, the study reviewed exhaustive works of literature and employed multiple embedded case studies to address the mentioned objectives of the study. Based on the cross-case and statistical analysis, it was found that the critical factors affecting the productivity rate of soft excavation were allowable working space or width of clearance, working hour, weather conditions (temperature, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall). Whereas for hard excavation, the critical factors that affect productivity rate were terrain type, the width of clearance, working hour, weather conditions (temperature, and cloud cover).

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Productivity rate, productivity affecting factors, Highway earthwork construction

  References
  [1] Aoun, D. G., “Developing Highway Construction Production Rates of Wisconsin Department of Transportation”: Unpublished MSc Thesis, s.l.: The University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2013.
  [2] Borcherding, J. D. & Liou, F. S., “Work Sampling Can Predict Unit Rate Productivity.” Journal of construction engineering and management, 112(1), pp. 90-103, 1986.
  [3] Dozzi, S. & AbouRizk, S.” Productivity in Construction” Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: ©National Research Council Canada, 1993.
  [4] Ersoz, H. Y., “A Neural Network Model for Estimating Construction Productivity.” Journal of construction engineering and management, volume 125, pp. 211-212, 1999.
  [5] Flaten, B. T., “Predicting Production Rates in The Wisconsin Highway Construction Industry Using Computer Tools.” S.l.: The University of Wisconsin-madison, 2015.
  [6] Jiang, Y. & Wu, H., “Determination of Indot Highway Construction Production Rates and Estimation of Contract Times,” West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University, 2004.
  [7] Kisi, K. P., “Estimation of Optimal Productivity in Labor-Intensive Construction Operations.” Ph.D. thesis, s.l.: The University of Nebraska-lincoln, 2015.
  [8] Mengistu, M., Quezon, E. T. & Kebede, G., “Assessment of Factors Affecting Labor Productivity on Road Construction Projects in Oromia Region, bale zone.” International journal of scientific & engineering research, 7(11), pp. 899-910, 2016.
  [9] Nasirzadeh, F. & Nojedehi, P., “Dynamic Modeling of Labor Productivity in Construction Projects.” International journal of project management, 31(6), pp. 903-911, 2013.
  [10] Oglesby, C. H., Parker, H. W. & Howell, G. A., “Productivity Improvement in Construction.” New York: McGraw-hill publishing inc. 1989.
  [11] Ovarian, N. & Popescu, C. M., “Field Factors Affecting Masonry Productivity,” 2001.
  [12] Thomas, H. & Raynar, K., “Scheduled Overtime and Labor Productivity: Quantitative Analysis.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 123(2), pp. 181-188, 1997.
  [13] Woldesenbet, A. K., “Estimation Models for Production Rates of Highway Construction Activities.” Oklahoma State: Oklahoma State University, 2010.
  

  Citation
  Ermias Amede , "Productivity Rate Affecting Factors for a Highway Project," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.32-36, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Model for the Generation of Electromagnetic Distortion During Collision between Metallic Conductors

  N. C. Pandey

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp.37-39, Mar-2020

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  The collision between metallic conductors can build a distortion in the form of an electromagnetic wave. The intra atomic forces are fundamentally involved for the cause of generation. Because, the kind of intra atomic force changes with the distance between the colliding bodies due to a change in charge distribution carried. Therefore, the change in charge distribution during the attraction and repulsion between the conductors is mainly discussed to provide the system to propagate both electrical and magnetic vectors mutually associated with the e.m distortion. This type of distortion is transmitted due to its appearance in space. The signal of distortion is received by the radio set as evidenced by the same voice of collision reproduced by it. For the existence of such transverse nature of electromagnetic distortion, compensating cycles of electric and magnetic field vectors must originate during the process of keeping conductors at closure distances while undergoing for the collision. Therefore, the magnitude and the kind of intra atomic force plays a dominant role to provide charge content and it`s direction of motion responsible for the development of e.m wave respectively.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Electro Magnetic, Metallic Conductors

  References
  [1] D. Halliday “Fundamentals of Physics`, Thomson’s Publications, India, Pp. 845, 2020.
  [2] S. Prakash “Hand Book of Physics”, Nageen Publisher, India, Pp. 523 – 525, 2011.
  [3] J. K. Khanna “General Inorganic Chemistry”, Raj Hans Publisher, India, Pp. 597, 1994.
  

  Citation
  N. C. Pandey, "Model for the Generation of Electromagnetic Distortion During Collision between Metallic Conductors," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.37-39, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Design and Construction of a Portable Solar Mobile Charger

  Salim Mudi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp.40-44, Mar-2020

  Abstract

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  Citation

  Abstract
  The state of incessant power failure accompanied with the increase in pump price of petroleum in Nigeria, solar energy becomes the most sought after energy source. Solar chargers are simple, portable and ready to use devices which can be used by anyone especially in remote areas. Going solar can solve the problems of dependence on fuels and the prevalent energy crisis. This project aims to make a portable solar charger which can be used on the go. A portable solar mobile phone charger is simply a power electronic device that converts solar radiation into electrical current for the purpose of charging the batteries of mobile phones. This charger is made by converting, controlling and conditioning the flow of electrical energy from source to load according to the requirements of the load; this technology is called power electronics. An external adjustable voltage regulator is used to obtain the desired constant voltage. A zener diode switches on to ensure charging is cut off at the saturation point. Two 3.7V lithium ion batteries are used as backup; an operational amplifier works here as a comparator to signify when backup is fully charged. Ultimately, 11V and 160mA is supplied by the panel under full sunlight. This charger has an output voltage of 5V and an average of 800mA current to charge a mobile phone, this system charges a phone fully between 4-5hours and it has a capacity of 4800mAh. This device charges all mobile phones by all manufacturers using a universal serial bus connector. It is the only viable solution to charging mobile phones as it is portable, light-weight and does not cause pollution.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Solar Energy, Power Electronics, Energy Crisis, Renewable Energy, Power Failure, Solar Charger, Comparator

  References
  [1] N. Mohan, T. M. Underland and W. P. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design, Canada: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1995.
  [2] H. Andrew and M. Antonio, "Cell phone Charger for the DC House Project," San Luis Obispo, 2012.
  [3] "Student Fact Sheet; A Short History of Photovoltaic [PV] cells," School gen, pp. 1-12.
  [4] N. Ali, "The Solar Charging Backpack," 2011.
  [5] C. T., S. G. and R. Ch. Babu, "Mobile Charger Based on Coin by Using Solar Tracking System," International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. III, no. 2, pp. 9603-9608, 2014.
  [6] k. Rohit, Y. Sameer, S. Dinesh and K. Bharat, "Solar Mobile Charger," International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST), vol. II, no. 4, pp. 35-39, 2014.
  [7] A. A. Hussain, N. G. Beza, G. Hasan and K. A. Ahmed, "Portable Solar Charger with Controlled Charging Current for Mobile phone Devices," International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 17-24, 2014.
  [8] C. Subah, "Solar Mobile Phone Charging System," SHRIKHALA, vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 32-34, 2014.
  
  

  Citation
  Salim Mudi, "Design and Construction of a Portable Solar Mobile Charger," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.40-44, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Vibratory Rotation of a Spherical Body due to Residual Magnetism during Electro-magnetization by A.C.

  N. C. Pandey

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp.45-49, Mar-2020

  Abstract

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  Abstract
  Rotatory motion of a rigid body is achieved by the application of a torque developed by a thrown force. The throwing force is derived from the concept of residual magnetism. Although, the property of a magnet is well known about it’s behavior to attract other iron species. But, in case of the iron crore placed inside the electromagnetic coil for the magnetization by a. c, the compensating force is seen to apply by the crore on a circular iron disc plate kept over it. The compensating force is the result of a repulsive force faced by the plate due to its residual magnetism. Due to it, the circular plate remains magnetized in the same direction even after the change of magnetizing field towards the opposite direction acted by a.c electromagnet. This repulsive force is able to throw an iron made spherically rigid body for setting the torque for itself necessary for the rotatory motion. Thus, the vibratory rotational type of motion is associated with the presentation of this scientific model.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Elector- Magnetization, AC

  References
  [1] D. Halliday “Fundamentals Of Physics”, Thomsons Publication, India, pp. 82 - 84, 2010.
  [2] J. C. Upadhyaya “Mechanics”, Ram Prasad & Sons Publication, India, pp. 18, 2002.
  [3] S. Prakash “New Intermediate Physics Part One”, Naveen Publication, India, pp. 431 - 444, 2011.
  [4] S. Prakash “ New Intermediate Physics Part Two”, Nageen Publication, India, pp. 389 - 576 , 2011.
  

  Citation
  N. C. Pandey, "Vibratory Rotation of a Spherical Body due to Residual Magnetism during Electro-magnetization by A.C.," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.45-49, 2020

• Open Access   Article

  Flying Taxi Assembly for Bicycle in India

  Shrikant M. Harle and Ganesh Deshmukh

  Research Paper | Conference-Paper (WAJES)

  Vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp.50-54, Mar-2020

  Abstract

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  Citation

  Abstract
  As developed countries move towards developing better transportation routes, India may soon become involved. While tech giants such as Google, Airbus, Uber, Volvo and dozens of others are working on driverless cars, some, such as Boeing Company UberAIR and Elon Musk and Hyperloop, are racing on-air or underground. Although technology is at an early stage in India, it certainly has the potential to change the ever-increasing traffic problem in the country, especially in big cities such as Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata. Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore are some of the most congested cities in the world, where a journey of even a few kilometers can take over an hour. A few companies offer a lot of potential to help create transportation options that cross traffic congestion. In the present work different company offering the service of flying taxi and the technology behind it is discussed. The present work also consists of air taxi station where foldable electric charge bicycle shall be converted to flying taxi using removable assembly of air taxi.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Flying taxi, foldable, vehicle, transportation & VTOL

  References
  [1] Wayne Johnson, Christopher Silva & Eduardo Solis, “Concept Vehicles for VTOL Air Taxi Operations”, AHS Technical Conference on Aeromechanics Design for Transformative Vertical Flight, San Francisco, CA, January 16-19, 2018.
  [2] Alessandro Bacchini and Enrico Cestino, “Electric VTOL Configurations Comparison”, Aerospace 2019, 6, 26.
  [3] J. Enconniere, J. Ortiz-Carretero, V. Pachidis, “Mission performance analysis of a conceptual coaxial rotorcraft for air taxi applications”, Aerosp. Sci.Technol, 2017.
  [4] Shweta Matey, Deep R Prajapati, Kunjan Shinde, Abhishek Mhaske and Aniket Prabhu, “Design and Fabrication of Electric Bike”, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(3), pp. 245–253 , 2017.
  [5] Swartz, K.I. "Charging Forward. New eVTOL Concepts Advance." Vertiflite, 63:4
  [6] Hepperle, M. “Electric Flight—Potential and Limitations”, German Aerospace Center, DLR: Braunschweig, Germany, 2012.
  [7] McDonald, R.A. “Electric Propulsion Modeling for Conceptual Aircraft Design”, Proceedings of the 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting (AIAA SciTech Forum), National Harbor, MD, USA, 13–17 January 2014.
  [8] Prof. Mayur Shelke, Abhinav Tingne, Sajal Chandrakar, Prathamesh Bharti, Vishal Meshram & Tejas Dahikar, “Design methodology to fabricate foldable bicycle”, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, Vol. III, March 2018.
  [9] Arunachalam M., Arun Prakash R. and Rajesh R., “foldable bicycle: evaluationof existing design and Novel design proposals”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, No.5, May 2014.
  [10] Dr.A.K.Jouhri, Kushal Sharma , Vibhum Dixit, Baashi Abbas, Vanshaj Shukla, “Designing and Fabrication of 4-Fold Foldable Bicycle”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, Vol. 6, Issue 6, June 2016.
  [11] Ahmed, S.S., Fountas, G., Eker, U., Still, S., Anastasopoulos, “An exploratory empirical analysis of willingness to hire and pay for flying taxis and shared flying car services” , P.Ch., 2019.
  [12] Masoud, N., Jayakrishnan, R., “Autonomous or driver-less vehicles: Implementation strategies and operational concerns”. Transportation Research Part E, 108, 179-194, 2017.

  Citation
  Shrikant M. Harle and Ganesh Deshmukh, "Flying Taxi Assembly for Bicycle in India," World Academics Journal of Engineering Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.1, pp.50-54, 2020