Terpenoid Rich Concentrate of Phyllantus amarus (Schum Thonn) Whole Plant’s Potential in High Salt Steered Immunological Storm, Antioxidant and Blood Enzymes Derangement

Tope Israel Fasan¹ , Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola² , Adewale Adetutu³ , Bamidele Stephen Ajilore⁴ , Cyril Ohikhatemen Ahonsi⁵

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Journal-Paper
Vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp.1-9, Aug-2022

Online published on Aug 31, 2022

Copyright © Tope Israel Fasan, Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola, Adewale Adetutu, Bamidele Stephen Ajilore, Cyril Ohikhatemen Ahonsi . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

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Abstract :
High salt diet driven immunological storm and blood enzymes dissymmetry are established global health challenges, deleteriously inflicting intracellular organelles and related inflammatory cytokines out of homeostatic threshold. Statistic proclaimed by World Health Organization (2012) also reveals the preponderance of about a quarter of the world’s global health linked oxidative damages to high salt-related influences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum enzymes’ protective effect, antioxidant and immuno-boosting efficacy of qualitatively affirmed terpenoid rich-concentrate (TRC) of Phyllanthus amarus (Schum and Thonn) whole plant against Dawley rats fed with 8% salty chow (HSD) for 56days. Healthy male rats (n=40) were grouped as follows: Group 1: received only normal rat chow as control group; Group 2: Administered 8% high salt diet (HSD) only; Group 3: co-administered HSD+80mg/kg/bwt., of TRC; Group 4: HSD + 160mg/kg/bwt., of TRC; Group 5: HSD + 200mg/kg/bwt., of TRC. The results (p<0.05) indicated that TRC has a lethal dose (LD50) greater than 5000 mg/kg /b.wt, with a significant increase in the levels of modulating cytokines [interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF?)], serum enzymes (AST, ALP, CK and LDH), consequent significant reduction in enzymatic antioxidant (GSH, Cat, SOD), but with measurable up-regulation of radical product, MDA, in the serum of rats fed HSD. Though, the deranged parameters of interest were dose-dependently remediated to near normal coefficient in the rodents co-administered with the rich concentrates. It’s of interest that, the treated groups also expressed signs/physical improvement via; hair integrity, health status, and erection of fur to near normal. The results suggested that TRC contains bioactive compounds which could remediate HSD induced immunological storm, blood enzymes derangement and also complement orthodox medicine in the therapeutic search for oxidative related diseases triggered by high salt meals.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Blood antioxidant enzymes; Phyllanthus amarus (Schum and Thonn); Terpenoid rich concentrate; Immunological Cytokines; Aspartate transaminase; and lethal dose.

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