Volume-9 , Issue-5 , Oct 2021, ISSN 2348-3423 (Online) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Revisiting Expectation Values in Quantum Mechanics

  Sagar Kumar Biswal

  Review Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp.1-4, Oct-2021

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  Abstract
  Quantum mechanics is a relatively new branch of physics as compared to the other branches. Many of its concepts are a bit confusing, which is quite obvious, because it completely destroys the classical intuitions of physicists as well as students. But some of its concepts have a classical mechanical analogy and one such concept is the concept of expectation value of observables or operators in quantum mechanics. In a way it is related to the concept of centre of mass in classical mechanics. So, in this paper, first, a review of this concept and its correspondence with centre of mass and later the reason behind the naming of this concept is discussed in brief.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Expectation value, Weighted average, Centre of mass

  References
  [1] Resnick, Robert, and Robert Eisberg. Quantum physics of atoms, molecules, solids, nuclei, and particles. J. Wiley, pp. 141-147, 1974.
  [2] Zettili, Nouredine. "Quantum mechanics: concepts and applications.", pp. 30, 2003.
  [3] N. Barik, M. Das, P. K. Jena, Quantum Mechanics: Basics and Applications, 2nd reprint-, pp. 69-73, 2019

  Citation
  Sagar Kumar Biswal, "Revisiting Expectation Values in Quantum Mechanics," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.1-4, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Groundwater Level Distribution in Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria

  E.B. Jumbo, E.D. Uko, I. Tamunobereton-ari

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp.5-15, Oct-2021

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  This research involves the analysis of the spatial distribution of groundwater Level within the Bonny Metropolis, in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study area is located between latitudes 4?28N and longitude 7?10E. The GPS (global positioning system) was used to take the various coordinates of the site location. Ten Vertical Electrical Sounding was carried out with an ABEM Terrameter 300 SAS B in order to determine the groundwater level distribution using Schlumberger configuration. The data acquired was analyzed and interpreted with the aid of IP2Win and surfer 8 software. Topsoil, clay and sandy formations were encountered and the result from the geoelectric section reveals three to five layers with HKH, QK, HQQ, H, KH, HAA, QHA and QAA curve types. The resistivity values for the first layer ranges from 1.73?m to 863.6?m, the second layer ranges from 0.89?m to 788.3?m, the highest resistivity value was observed in the third layer with resistivity ranging from 0.5 to 1,222,355?m, the fourth layer ranges from 1.84 to 9,203?m and the fifth layer ranges from 62.9 to 12,464?m with an infinite thickness. The overburden thickness across the area falls between 5m to 100m. The water level depth distribution of the area varies between 0.2m to 2.6m and the direction of the water flow is towards the central part of the study area while the highest value of the borehole depth distribution was observed at North-Eastern part and North-Western part with a range of 40 to 57ft. The study will provide information on the variation of water table depths for proper water resources management across the study area.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Groundwater Level, Vertical Electrical Sounding, Aquifer, Niger Delta, Nigeria

  References
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  Citation
  E.B. Jumbo, E.D. Uko, I. Tamunobereton-ari, "Groundwater Level Distribution in Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.5-15, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  Dielectric Relaxation Study of Lipids in the Microwave Frequency Region Using TDR

  A.A. Sonkamble, S.M. Dongarge, M. Malathi, U.V. Biradar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp.16-22, Oct-2021

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  Abstract
  Dielectric properties of lipids were measured using time domain reflectometry technique in the microwave frequency range at 298.15 K. The dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss parameters have been responded for oleic and linoleic acids between 10 MHz to 1 GHz. The complex permittivity spectra for these lipids were well defined by the Havriliak-Negami equation and fitted in Debye model. Cole-Cole plot shows single relaxation process occurs in the lipids. The different parameters like static dielectric constant, high frequency limiting dielectric constant dielectric relaxation time, Dipole moment and Kirkwood correlation factor have also been determined. Here, the effect of microwave frequencies on dynamical and structural properties of oleic and linoleic acids were discussed through dielectric behavior. This study reports that the magnitude of dielectric constant of lipids increased with increasing molecular chain length and the molecular reorientation of lipids is described by dielectric relaxation time. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding with parallel dipole moments was confirmed by Kirkwood correlation factor. The present investigation could be useful for the characterization of lipids during transportation and energy storage applications.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Lipids, Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), Dielectric properties, Free energy of activation, Dipole moment, Kirkwood correlation factor

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  Citation
  A.A. Sonkamble, S.M. Dongarge, M. Malathi, U.V. Biradar, "Dielectric Relaxation Study of Lipids in the Microwave Frequency Region Using TDR," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.16-22, 2021

• Open Access   Article

  The Effect of Motion of Respiratory Droplets on Propagation of Viral Particles

  Z. Ugulava, Z.N. Osmanov

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp.23-26, Oct-2021

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  Abstract
  In this work we investigate viral load propagation due to liquid droplets expelled during respiratory actions. We describe a mechanism of the transmission of such evaporating system and analyze dependence on several ambient parameters for different respiratory processes, such as sneezing, coughing and speaking. Our study has found that a significant amount of viral load and droplets from the respiratory fluid might transfer beyond the customary 2m distance, understanding of which might give us a better insight about regulations and risks posed by an infected individual.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  SARS-CoV-2, Viral load, Respiration propagation

  References
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  Citation
  Z. Ugulava, Z.N. Osmanov, "The Effect of Motion of Respiratory Droplets on Propagation of Viral Particles," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.9, Issue.5, pp.23-26, 2021