Treatment of domestic wastewater by Cattail (Typhalatifolia) based natural wetland system in southern locality of Ujjain city in central India

R.S.Panwar ¹ , K.S. Makvana²

1. School of studies in Botany, Vikram University, Ujjain, India.
2. School of studies in Botany, Vikram University, Ujjain, India.

Correspondence should be addressed to: rajendrasinghkapeli@gmail.com.

Section:Research Paper, Product Type: Isroset-Journal
Vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp.1-6, Jun-2017

Online published on Jun 30, 2017

Copyright © R.S.Panwar, K.S. Makvana . This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 

View this paper at   Google Scholar | DPI Digital Library

XML View     PDF Download

How to Cite this Paper

570 Views    225 Downloads    141 Downloads

Abstract :
The treatment performance of a natural wetland (surface flow) was evaluate for the removal efficiency of Conductivity, Salinity, Turbidity, TS, TSS, TDS, TKN, NH4+-N, COD and BOD from municipal wastewater emanating from a southern locality of residential area in Ujjain, central India. These surface flow natural wetland had a rectangular size and covered in effective surface area of 1260 m2 (length 90 m x width 14 m) with a water retention capacity of 650 m3 approximately. The surface flow medium was composed of gravel/stone, soil and mud. Natural wetland support a dance and dominant vegetation of Cattail (TyphaLatifolia) in the Nullah bed throughout the year, TyphaLatifolia. Total plant of Cattail were 36540 (as average annual density 29 plants / m2 ) available and 6787 grams/m2 biomass of the plant recorded . The removal rate of Conductivity, (51.5%), Salinity (51%), Turbidity (65%), TS (61%), TSS (59%), TDS (63%), pH (7.3%), TKN (53%), NH4+-N (52.7%), COD (57%), and BOD (47.3%) were realized. An earthen channel provided initial pre-treatment by land treatment system. DO of effluent level increase to 74% indicating. It is indicating existing of aerobic condition in plant rooted bed. This SF system overall result established (A.) very cost effectively technology. (B.) SF removal efficiency above 50% for all parameters.

Key-Words / Index Term :
Wastewater, natural wetland, water quality, Dissolve oxygen, Total solids, TKN, sedimentation

References :
[1]. S.K. Billore, “Certain aspects of nitrogen transformation in soil and sediments of terrestrial and aquatic habitat”, Int. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci., Vol.14, pp.199-214, 1988.
[2]. H. Vyas, “A study on evaluation of nitrogen in municipal sewage and its biological control”, Ph.D. Thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain. 1990.
[3]. P.Dass “Ecological studies in N-removal from domestic wastewater through ammonia volatilization, nitrification and denitrification in land application methods”, Ph.D. Thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain. 1996.
[4]. S.K. Billore, Prashant, J.K. Sharma, Restoration and conservation of stagnant water bodies by gravel-bed treatment wetlands and artificial floating reed beds in tropical India. Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th world lake conference: pp 981-987, 2008.
[5]. T. C. Winter, and D. O. Rosenberry. “The interaction of ground water with prairie pothole wetlands in the Cottonwood Lake Area, east-central North Dakota, 1979–1990”, Wetlands Vol. 15, pp193–211, 1995.
[6]. D.S. Nichols,. Capacity of natural wetland to remove nutrients from wastewater, J. Water Pollu. Control Fed, Vol.55, pp 495-505, 1983.
[7]. R.H. Kadlec, and R.L. Knight, “Treatment Wetlands”, CRC Press, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA. 1996.
[8]. U. Mander, T. Mauring, Constructed wetland for wastewater treatment in Estonia. Wat. Sci. Tech. 35 (5) ,pp 323-330, 1997.
[9]. C. J. Richardson, D. S. Nichols , Ecological analysis of Wastewater management criteria in wetland ecosystem in Ecological considerations in wetlands treatment of Muncipal wastewater. P.J. Godfrey, Kaynor, E.R., Pelczarki, s., and Benforado, J. Eds. Van Nostrand Reinhold . New York, pp351, 1985.
[10]. C. J. Richardson, and J.A.Davis, Natural and artificial wetland ecosystem : ecological opportunities and limitation, in Aquatic plants for water treatment and Resource Recovery, K. R. Reddy and W. H. Smith, Eds. Magnolia Publishing Orlando, Fl pp. 819, 1987.
[11]. APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th Edition. Washington DC. USA, 1992.
[12]. J.K. Sharma, “Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater through `wetland - technology` to control eutrophication in river Kshipra” at Ujjain. Ph.D. thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.). 2000
[13]. R.S. Panwar, “ Anecological study of wastewater treatment in natural and constructed wetland systems” at Ujjain. Ph.D. thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.). 2014
[14]. H.J. Bavor, D.J. Roser, S.A. Mekersie, and P. Breen, “Treatment of Secondary Effluent”, Report of Sydney water Board, Sydney, NSW, Australia. (1988).
[15]. K.S. Makvana, “ Pathogenic bacterial removal by reed bed constructed wetland receiving untreated domestc wastewater” at Ujjain. Ph.D. thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain (M.P.). 2012
[16]. J. De Jong, “The purification of wastewater with the aid of rush or reed ponds”, In: Biological Control of Water Pollution (Eds. Tourbien, J. and Pierson, R.), Philadelphia, Pennysylvania University Press ,pp. 133-139, 1976.
[17]. S.C. Reed, R.W. Crites, and E.J. Middlebrooks, “Natural systems for waste management and treatment”, Civil Engg., pp.64-67, 1995.
[18]. N. Mburu, G.M. Thumbi, and A.O. Mayabi “Removal of bacterial pathogen from domestic wastewater in a tropical subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland”, Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th World lake conference: 1010-1015. Sengupta, M. and Dalwani, R. (Eds). 2008.
[19]. K. R. Reddy, W. H. Patrick, C. W. Lindau,” Nitrification- denitrification at the plant root- sediment interface in wetlands”, Limnol. Oceanogr., Vol.34, pp.1004- 13, 1989.
[20]. P.F. Cooper, G.D. Job, M.B. Green, and R.B.E. Shuter, “Reed beds and constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment” W.R.C. Swedon, UK. 1996.
[21]. S.K. Billore, N. Singh, J.K. Sharma, R.M. Nelson, P.Dass, Horizontal subsurface flow gravel bed constructed wetland with Phragmiteskarka in Central India. Wat. Sci. Tech. 40(3), pp.163-171, 1999.
[22]. S.K. Billore, H. Ram, N. Singh, R. Thomas, , R.M. Nelson and B. Pare, Treatment performance evaluation of surfactant removal from domestic wastewater in a tropical horizontal subsurface constructed wetland. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Wetland Systems for Water Pollution Control, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 16-19 Sept. 2002.
[23]. W. Armstrong, J.Armstrong, and P.M. Beckett, “Phragmitesaustralis -a critical appraisal of the ventilating pressure concept and an analysis of resistance to pressurized gas flow and gaseous diffusion in horizontal rhizhomes”, New Phytologist, 110, pp.383-389, 1988.
[24]. M. E. Poach, P. G. Hunt, G. B. Reddy, , K.C. Stone M.H. Johnson, A. Grubbs, Swine wastewater treatment by march pond march constructed wetlands under varying nitrogen loads. Ecol. Eng. 23,pp. 165-17, 2004.
[25]. M.S.M. Jetten, , I. Cirpus, B. Kartal, L. van Niftrik, K.T. van de Pas-Schoonen, O. Sliekers, S. Haaijer, van der Star , “1994-2004: 10 years of research on the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium”, 2004.