Study on soil analysis in ponds in the Sabang block areas, West Bengal, India

- Bacteria live in fresh water, soil, air and sea water. Bacteria have different nature in different zone. Thus periphyton bacteria has different characteristic in different zone. But I discussed in my topic soil analysis in fresh water ponds in Sabang block areas. I have done the experiment about one year in Sabang block areas. Soil collected by the bucket. This collected soil is collected from five ponds (Ghat pond, Dhara pond, Majari pond, Nandan pond & Masanta pond) in Sabang block areas. There were two types of pond present Control pond and Experimental pond. In this pond was added the semidried cow dank. In this experiment we are followed the some methods. The pond bottom soil was analyzed for nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium following the standard methods of AOAC (1980). In all the experimental ponds before treatment however, after treatment the nitrogen level increased considerable. Phosphorus plays significant role in enhancing the productivity of pond. Potassium is not limiting factor and is not necessary to increase production.


I. INTRODUCTION
This physic-chemical is changed in soil by the variable factors. Plankton develops by the physic-chemical changes in pond soil significantly. This change involves the low and high temperature in the water body. Low and high level of pH is changed by the physic-chemical process. Dissolved oxygen decides the fresh water quality in the ponds. Its' maintain the water health. Free carbon dioxide in the pond is changed in the water by every factor. Physic-chemical change the conductivity of water after and before use of bacterial suspension. Fish growth and fish quality depends on the before and after use of bacterial suspension, physicchemical quality and planktonic composition of the ponds. In Sabang block areas there are five ponds like Ghat pond (CP), Dhara pond (EP1), Majari pond (EP2), Nandan pond (EP3) and Masanta pond (EP4). All ponds are filled by the rainy water. In these ponds cultured the Indian major carps like catla, rohita, mrigala.

II. RELATED WORK
Living organism and nonliving organism are dissolved in fresh water. How many aliments and dissolved in fresh water recorded in this pond publication of Sarwar and Wazir, (1991) the physic chemical changes is in fresh water pond. There are main points is eutropications of the water body because the alkaline nature of the water and higher concentration of phosphorus and nitrate.

Soil analysis:
The pond bottom soil was analyzed for nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium following the standard methods of AOAC (1980). Total Nitrogen (mg 100gm -1 ):

Image 1. Google earth map of Ghat pond in Sabang.
Talda is a village in Sabang Block, Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal State. Talda is 70 km far from its district main city Medinipur. Nearest town is Kharagpur 45 km far from Talda village. Nearest railway station of this village is Balichak. Talda is 25 km far from its nearest station Balichak. Ghat pond (CP) is lying on estern side of the village. It is natural pond. Rain water enters from the surroundings into the pond. A canal is present estern side of the pond. People from the surround area discharge their kitchen waste directly into its water. Bamboo covers about 25% area of the land of the pond. Ghat pond covers an area of 1418 m 2 , peripheral area if the pond is 134 m. and depth is 8 feet. Its exat geographical location is 22°9'32.4468" N Latitude and 87°32'29.5008" E Longitude and 13.5m (Approx) above sea level.

Image 3. Google earth map of Dhara pond in Sabang.
In district Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal the Talda village is situated in Sabang block area. Talda is present from Medinipur 70 km far. It is 45 km far from the Kharagpur. Dhara pond is lying on north-estern side of this pond. This pond is filled by rain water. Houses are present north and south side of the pond. People from the surround area discharge their kitchen waste directly into its water. Bamboo covers about 45% area of the land of the pond. Dhara pond (EP1) covers an area of 2674 m 2 , peripheral area if the pond is 184 m. and depth is 10 feet. Its exat geographical location is 22°9'36.1656"N Latitude and 87°32'29.3532"E Longitude and 13.6m (Approx) above sea level. Talda village is present in the Sabang, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal. Nearest district town is Medinipur. Kharagpur is the nearest city. Majari pond (EP2) is situated middle position of the village. This pond filled by the rain water. Houses are present east, west and north side of the pond. People from the surround area discharge their kitchen waste directly into its water. Bamboo covers about 35% area of the land of the pond. Majari pond covers an area of 3605 m 2 , peripheral area if the pond is 213 m. and depth is 10 feet. Its exat geographical location is 22°9'35.0028"N Latitude and 87°32'23.2728"E Longitude and 13.6m (Approx) above sea level. Image 6. Majari pond.

Nandan pond (Experimental pond 3)
Image 7. Google earth map of Nandan pond in Sabang.
In West Bengal state Talda village is psesent. Talda village is present 70 km far from the district town. This natural pond filled by rainy water. Village persons' language is Bengali. Occupation is fishing of this village. Wetland field is present in this village. Beautification and flowering plant is present surrounding this pond. Pedy fields are present east, west and south side of the pond. Bamboo covers about 5% area of the land of the pond. Nandan pond (EP3) covers an area of 4496 m 2 , peripheral area if the pond is 238 m. and depth is 8 feet. Its exact geographical location is 22°9'27.0504"N Latitude and 87°32'20.9328"E Longitude and 13.7m (Approx) above sea level.          productivity of fish pond which effects the production of fish.
Phosphorus plays significant role in enhancing the productivity of pond. It is the most critical single element which limits productivity and there exist a correlation between the available soil phosphorus and fish production. Potassium is not limiting factor and is not necessary to increase production. Though it ranks as major nutrient element along with nitrogen and phosphorus it importance is observed (Banerjee, 1972;Ghosh, 1978).
Water quality is an important indicator in appraising the eutrophic situation; primary productivity and fish yield potential. The relationship between bacteria and he water environment has received the attention of researchers, but the studies undertaken have been mostly limited to the relationship between the aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and the water environment Guo et al;1988;Fang et al;1989;Liu et al;1992a. There is not much information on the major physic-chemical factors and growth in fish particularly periphyton bacteria affecting population.

VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
Study on soil analysis in ponds in the Sabang block areas, West Bengal, India is scanty. But it has to be tremendous economic significance and relevance aquaculture practice which is likely to open new vistas pertaining to the sustainable development. So the objective of the study was too evaluated of the routine use of a commercially and naturally improvement of soil quality of ponds. So, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the year of experiments was in no way unfavorable for the growth of the carps.
Future scope is free hygienic fishes production in ponds.