Volume-5 , Issue-12 , Dec 2019, ISSN 2454-9312 (Online), 2454-6143 (Print) Go Back

• Open Access   Article

  Design, Development and Evaluation of Gasifier Waste Heat Based Feedstock Dryer

  R.N. Singh, K.K . Dubey

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.1-5, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  The firewood, procured from the market has moisture content in the range of 25-30% (wb). While for Gasification, the moisture content of sized wood should be in the range of 12-15 % (wb). The situation becomes worst during rainy reason when the atmospheric humidity is very high, and there is no sunshine. The moisture content of a gasifier feed stock plays a very important role in the quality of producer gas. High moisture feed stock does not burns properly, generate more smoke and tar. The conversion efficiency of Gasification is also low; however, dry biomass provides considerable benefits for thermal conversion of biomass. Excess heat of Producer gas could be utilized for drying of biomass feed stock. Developed gasifier waste heat based feed stock dryer took about 8 to 13 hours to reduce the moisture of biomass up to 12%, depending upon the initial moisture content of the biomass. Size of biomass play important role in drying of biomass. Smaller size biomass took more time than larger size biomass, to reduce the moisture up to desire limit (12-15% wb), even though moisture content of biomass was maintained same.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Feed stock, waste heat, feedstock Dryer, size of biomass, drying duration

  References
  [1] V. K. Aharwal, and R.N. Singh, “Performance Evaluation of Continuous Biomass Fed Horizontal Gasifier”, International Journal of Innovation in Engineering, ISSN: 2348-4918 Vol.5 (1), pp: 1-7, 2018.
  [2] Krishna Kant Dubey, “Design, Development and Evaluation of a Dryer for Gasifier feedstock using Waste Heat”, M Tech thesis submitted at School of Energy and Environmental Studies, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore (unpublished), 2018
  [3] Hanning Li, Qun Chen, Xiaohui Zhang, Karen N Finney, Vida N Sharifi, Jim Swithenbank, “Evaluation of a biomass drying process using waste heat from process industries: A case study”, Applied Thermal Engineering 35(1), PP:71-80, 2012; 2011DOI: 10.1016/ j.applthermaleng.2011.10.009
  [4] R N Singh and Asha D, “Thermo- Chemical Conversion of Solid Biomass. In: Low Carbon Energy Supply - Trends, Technology, Management”, Springer Publisher (ISBN No. 978-981-10-7325-0) Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018, 2018
  [5] R N Singh, J B Balwanshi, V K Aharwal and S P Singh, “Experimental Investigation of Horizontal gasifier”, International Journal of Science, Technology and Society Vol. 2 (1&2) PP: 50-55, 2016.
  [6] Ma Hsiao-Kang, Ching-PoLin, How-PingWu, Chun-HaoPeng and Chia-ChengHsu “Waste heat recovery using a thermoelectric power generation system in a biomass gasifier”, Applied Thermal Engineering Vol. 88 (5) PP: 274-279, 2015.
  [7] Nwokolo Nwabunwanne, Sampson Mamphweli and Golden Makaka “An investigation into heat recovery from the surface of a cyclone dust collector attached to a downdraft biomass gasifier”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 98 (5) PP: 1158-1164, 2016.
  [8] R N Singh, Abhishak David and V K Aharwal, “Low Pressure Steam Generation from Waste Heat of Updraft Gasifier Using Pipe To Pipe Counter Flow Heat Exchanger” International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol.5 (1) PP:1-8, 2019.
  [9] American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM), Annual book of ASTM standards. Philadelphia: ASTM 19103; 1983.
  [10] R N Singh, and K N Patil, “SPRERI method for quick measurement of moisture content of biomass fuels”, SESI Journal, 11 (1) pp: 25 – 28, 2001.
  [11] T. B Reed., & Das A, “ Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems”, Colorado: U.S. Department of Energy 1998
  [12] Akshey Bhargava, “Integrated Design of Cyclone and Multi-Cones for Controlling Dust Emissions”, International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, Vol. 1(4) PP:6-14, 2016.
  [13] M. Godase Mangesh, Milindkumar S.Mali, “A Review Paper on Design, Development and Experimental Analysis of Perticuler Matter Separator”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol. 8 (4), PP: 167-169, 2017.
  [14] M. N Nwigbo., “Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a Cyclone System for Saw Dust Emission Control” International Journal of Engineering and Modern Technology Vol. 5 (1) PP:19-27, 2019

  Citation
  R.N. Singh, K.K . Dubey, "Design, Development and Evaluation of Gasifier Waste Heat Based Feedstock Dryer," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.1-5, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Numerical and Analytical Analysis of SCF for A Rectangular Plate with Discontinuities Holes for Static Loading

  Devaraj E., P. Sachin Siyal

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.6-11, Dec-2019

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  A static load is defined as a force applied to a mechanical component while the magnitude or direction will not change with respect to time. In practical application objects the presence of holes in it makes to release stress concentration and thus the stress near the holes becomes larger than the average stress. In present work the Von-misses stress is analysed by analytical and numerical methods. FEA divides (discretise) the objects (which is continuous otherwise) into smaller element but into finite, well defined, elastic substructures (elements). In the present study, a continuous rectangular plate of dimensions 100mm x 50mm x 1mm and made up of structural steel with a hole of major radius of 10mm, 8mm and 6mm has been modelled and descritized using a commercially available software ANSYS16.0. The plate is descritized with SOLID95 elements which is available in the element library of ANSYS 16.0. Maximum equivalent Von-Mises stress and displacement of plate under a constant force is determined with the help of analytical and numerical method. Effect on the geometry of discontinuous.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  FEA, SOLID95 elements, Von-Mises stress, Rectangular hole

  References
  [1] BABULAL K S et.al “SCF ON ISOTROPIC RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH CENTRAL CIRCULAR HOLE USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS” International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering, ISSN: 2320-2092, Volume- 3, Issue-5, May-2015.
  [2] G. C. Mekalke1 et.al “ANALYSIS OF A PLATE WITH A CIRCULAR HOLE BY FEM” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684, PP: 25-30.
  [3] PRAVIN PAWAR et.al “FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR PLATE WITH CIRCULAR HOLE USING ANSYS”, Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 14(4), 2016, 2787-2798 ISSN 0972-768X
  [4] Saksham Dhanjal et.al “Stress Analysis of a Rectangular Plate with Circular Hole Using Three Dimensional Finite Element Model”, International Journal of Engineering, Business and Enterprise Applications, 12(1), March-May 2015, pp. 77-80
  [5] S. Dhanjal et.al “ Stress Analysis of a Rectangular Plate with Circular Hole Using Three Dimensional Finite Element Model”, Int. J. Engg., Business and Enterprise Applications (IJEBEA), 1(12), 77-80 (2015).
  [6] Shivlingesh et.al” FEA Analysis of Stresses for Cantilever Beam with Hole Subjected to Different Mode of Loading Systems”, Int. J. Adv. Engg. Technol., Manage. Appl. Sci., 3(1), 116-126 (2016).
  [7] D. Brahmbhatt, et.al” Stress Concentration Factor Converts Into Stress Intensity Factor using ANSYS”, European J. Adv. Engg. Technol., 2(1), 46- 49 (2015). 2798 P.
  [8] N. K. Jain “ Analysis of Stress Concentration and Deflection in Isotropic and Orthotropic Rectangular Plates with Central Circular Hole under Transverse Static Loading”, Int. J. Mech., Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, 3(12), 1513-1519 (2009).
  [9] A. S. Shaik et.al “Stress Concentration of Rectangular Plate with a Hole Made with Composite Material Using Finite Element Analysis”, IOSR J. Mech. Civil Engg. (IOSR-JMCE), 13(4), 01-05 (2016).
  [10] B. R. Endigeri et.al “Fem for Stress Reduction by Optimal Auxiliary Holes in a Uniaxially Loaded Composite Plate”, Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Electrical, Electronics & Mechanical Engineering, Dehradun, 1-5 26th April (2014).
  [11] B. Mallikarjun et.al “Finite Element Analysis of Elastic Stresses Around Holes in Plate Subjected to Uniform Tensile Loading”, Bonfring Int. J. Indust. Engg. Manage. Sci., 2(4), 136-142 (2012).
  [12] Soundararaj Thangavel “HOLE SIZE, LOCATION OPTIMIZATION IN A PLATE AND CYLINDRICAL SHELL FOR MINIMUM STRESS POINTS INTERFACING ANSYS AND MATLAB” THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON.

  Citation
  Devaraj E., P. Sachin Siyal, "Numerical and Analytical Analysis of SCF for A Rectangular Plate with Discontinuities Holes for Static Loading," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.6-11, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Efficiency of Feature Selection on Banana Classification

  A. Anushya

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.12-14, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  This research compares the impact of feature selection in classification accuracy of Decision Tree on French Plantain (Nendran) dataset. At first, a five class home-made database is created and classification algorithm, Decision Tree is employed on dataset before and after feature selection via Rough set. The experiments are carried out on MATLAB. Results reveals that classification after feature selection produces 69% of classification accuracy which is enhanced than the before.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Classification, Decision Tree, C4.5, Feature Selection, Relative Reduct

  References
  [1] N.S. Lele , “Image Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network”, International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, Vol.6, Issue.3, pp.22-26, 2018.
  [2] Ridhuna Rajan et.al., “Analysis and Dectection of Infected Fruit part using Improved K-means clustering and segmentation Techniques”, IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR), Pp:37-41, 2015.
  [3] Emny Harna Yossy et.al., “Mango fruit sortation system using Neural Networks and computer vision”, Procedia Computer Science, Volume: 116, Pp:599-603, 2017.
  [4] Nandhan Thor et.al., “ Applying Machine Learning clustering and classification to predict Banana ripeness states and shelf life”, International Journal of Advanced food science and technology, Cloud Publications, Volume 2, issue :1,pp:20-25, 2017.
  [5] Jonatha et.al., “ Citrus Friut quality classification using support vector machine”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, Vol:6, Issue:7, 2019.
  [6] Fatima.M.A.Mazen et.al., “Ripeness classification of bananas using Artificial Neural Networks”, Arabian Journal for science and Engineering, 2019.
  [7] Raj Kumar et.al, “Classifiction algorithms for Data Mining”, A Survey,International Journl of Innovations in Engineering and Technology,Vol.1, Issue 2 ,2012.
  [8] Veronical, S.Moetini, “Towards the use of C4.5 Algorithm for classifying Banking Data set”, Integral, Vol.8. No.2, 2003.
  [9] K.Thangavel et.al., “ Dimensionality reduction based on rough set theory: A review”, Applied softcomputing, volume 9, issue 1, 2009.

  Citation
  A. Anushya, "Efficiency of Feature Selection on Banana Classification," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.12-14, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Combined Effect of Rotation and Hall Currents on Magneto-Thermal Convection of Ferromagnetic Fluids Saturating Porous Medium

  S. Gupta

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.15-22, Dec-2019

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  In this study, the effect of Hall currents and rotation on the onset of convection in a porous medium layer saturated by an electrically conducting ferromagnetic fluid heated from below using linear stability analysis is investigated. Darcy law for the ferromagnetic fluid is used to model the momentum equations for a porous medium. The employed model incorporates the effects of polarization force and body couple. The coupled partial differential equations governing the physical problem are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations using normal mode technique. These equations are solved analytically for stress- free boundaries and numerical results are computed by obtaining approximate solutions using Galerkin method using the software Mathematica for the case of stationary convection. It is found that the magnetic field and magnetization have a stabilizing effect as such their effect is to postpone the onset of thermal instability; whereas Hall currents are found to hasten the same. The medium permeability and rotation hastens the onset of convection under certain conditions.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Hall currents, rotation parameter, ferromagnetic fluid, medium permeability, medium porosity

  References
  [1] R. E. Rosenweig, “Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics (Ed. L. Marton)” Academic Press, Vol. 48, New York, USA,pp.103, 1979.
  [2] B.A.Finlayson,“Convective Instability of Ferromagnetic Fluids” J. Fluid Mech., Vol.4, Issue.40 pp.753-767, 1970.
  [3] D. P.Lalas, S.Carmi,“Thermoconvective Stability of Ferrofluids” Phys. Fluids, Vol. 14 , Issue.1, pp.436- 438.1971.
  [4] M. I. Shliomis, “Magnetic Fluids, Soviet Phys.” Uspekhi (Engl. Transl.), Vol.17, Issue. 153, pp.153- 169, 1974.
  [5] E. R. Lapwood, “Convection of a Fluid in a Porous Medium” Math. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., Vol.44,Issue. 4, pp.508-521, 1948.
  [6] R. A.Wooding, “Rayleigh Instability of a Thermal Boundary Layer in Flow Through a Porous Medium,” J. Fluid Mech., Vol.9, Issue. 2, pp. 183-192, 1960.
  [7] Sunil, A. Sharma, “Effect of Magnetic Field Dependent Viscosity on Thermal Convection in a Ferromagnetic Fluid” Chemical Engineering Communications, Vol.195, Issue. 5, pp.571-583, 2008.
  [8] G.Vaidyanathan, R. Sekar “Ferroconvective Instability of Fluids Saturating a Porous Medium,”Int. J. Engg. Sci., Vol.29, Issue.10, pp. 1259-1267. 1991.
  [9] V.Sharma, S.Gupta , “Effect of rotation on thermal convection of micropolar fluid in the presence of suspended particles”, Arch. Mech.,(Poland), Vol. 60, pp.403-419,2008.
  [10] B.A. Finlayson, “Convective instability of ferromagnetic fluids,” J. Fluid Mech., Vol.14, Issue .1, pp.436-438.1971.
  [11] D.A. Nield , A.V.Kuznetsov, “ The onset of convection in a horizontal fluid layer of finite depth.”Eur. J. Mech. Vol. B29, pp 217-223, 2010.
  [12] S. Chandrasekhar, “Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic stability”, Dover publications, New York, USA, 1981.

  Citation
  S. Gupta, "Combined Effect of Rotation and Hall Currents on Magneto-Thermal Convection of Ferromagnetic Fluids Saturating Porous Medium," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.15-22, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Digital Appreciation and English Language Teachers’ Professional Development in Ekiti State Government Colleges

  B.O. Faloye, A.S. Olaniyan

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.23-29, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  The study examines digital reprtoire of English language teachers in Ekiti State Government Colleges. The survey attempted to explicate the need to utilize digital educational tools with emphasis on digital language laboratory technology in the teaching and learning of English Language in Ekiti State Government Colleges. The population of the study comprised all English Language teachers in Ekiti State Government Colleges. The sample for the study consisted of twenty language teachers randonmly selected from four Government Colleges in Ekiti State. The Survey research design was used in this study. Questionnaires were administered on twenty English Language teachers. Findings from the study revealed that about 89.5% of the participants were basically deficient in the operations and applications of a digital language laboratory (DLL) in the teaching and learning environment. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations made included the need to upgrade the digital literacy and pedagogucal proficiency of English language teachers in order to enhance students’ performance in spoken English

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Digital Appreciation, Language Labouratory, Pedagogical Proficiency, Digital Literacy and Performance

  References
  [1] Onuma, N. 2007. Utilization of information and communication techmologies in schools: problems and suggestions. Access, Equity and Quality in Higher Education , 487-496.
  [2] Cordell, R. M. Information Literacy and Digital Literacy: Competing or Complementary? Commun. Inf. Lit. 7, 2, 177–183, 2013.
  [3] Quaicoe, J. & Pata, K. The Teachers’ Digital Literacy Determining Digital Divide in Public Basic Schools in Ghana, 2016.
  [4] Mbipom, G. Educational administration and planning. Calabar: University of Calabar press, 2000.
  [5] McFarlane, S., & Sakellariou, S. The role of ICT in Education.Cambridge Journal of Education, 219-232, 2002.
  [6] Obunadike, J. Implementing ICT techniques in teaching for effective implementation of the new nine-year UBE curriculum in Anambra State. African Research Review, 367-376, 2009.
  [7] Nwite, O. Utilzation of ICT in schools: problems and suggestions. NAEAP (pp. 489,490). Lagos: NAEAP, 2007.
  [8] Aderibigbe, F.. The Place of Information and Technology in the Preparation of Examination Results. Boosting the Job Performance of Academic Staff. Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria: University of Ado Ekiti, 2008.
  [9] Ofodu, G. O., & Oyinloye, G. O. 2014. Digital Literacy and Language Learning of Undergraduates. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education ,30-36.
  [10] Njoku, S. ICT and Nigerian Teachers. Abuja: TRCN, 2006.
  [11] Pieter, S., & Bas, V. ICT in initial teacher training. Zoetermeer: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2010.
  [12] Universal Basic Education Commission. Guidelines on Cluster Schools Model for Teacher Professional Development in Nigeria. Abuja: UBEC, 2013.
  [13] Adedara, R., & Faboya, O. Factors influencing learning through play in ICT settings. Journal of Crown Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti , 167-176, 2011.
  [14] Government of Ekiti State. Introduction to ICT.2013 UBEB/SUBEB Cluster Schools Model for Teacher Professional Development. Ado,Ekiti Sate, Nigeria: Universal Basic Education Commission, Abuja, 2013.
  [15] Faloye, B. O. Language teaching and modern technology. Ikere Journal of Languages , 1-3, 2014.
  [16] Faloye, B. O. The effect of animated cartoons on teaching English Grammar: A study of St Loius Nursery and Primary School, Ikere-Ekiti. The European Conference on Edducation 2013 (pp. 532-539). Brighton, UK: Iafor, 2013.

  Citation
  B.O. Faloye, A.S. Olaniyan, "Digital Appreciation and English Language Teachers’ Professional Development in Ekiti State Government Colleges," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.23-29, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  The Impact of Petroleum Profit Tax on the Nigerian Economy

  Muhammad Usman, Aliyu Abba, Bishir Balarabe, Ashiru Halilu

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.30-36, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  The study aims to assess the impact petroleum profit tax on the Nigerian economy. The population of the study covers the economy as whole with a particular reference to Federal Inland Revenue Services Katsina. The data were collected from Federal Inland Revenue Services Katsina, CBN Statistical Bulletin from 2006-2015. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. The result of the analysis was tested at 0.05 (5%) level of significance. The findings of the study show that insignificant relationship exists between Petroleum Profit Tax and Gross Domestic Product, and also significant relationship exist between Petroleum Profit Tax and Total Revenue Generated. Therefore, the study recommended that, Government should look for other alternatives that will increase Gross Domestics Product other than Petroleum Profit Tax. Such alternatives include increase in Agricultural Sector, Industrial Sector etc. It is also recommended that Government should look for other ways to ensure that petroleum Profit Tax are judicially collected, that will increase the total revenue generated in Nigeria.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Tax, Taxation, Petroleum, Economy

  References
  [1] Samuel, S.E. and Simon, S, “The Effect of Income Tax on Capital Investment Decisions of Banks inNigeria. Kogi” Journal of Management, 4(1), 116-128, 2011.
  [2] Onyemaechi J.O, “Economic Implication of Petroleum Policies in Nigeria: An Overview”, American International Journal of Contemporary Research, vol. 2, No.5 Pp.47-53, 2012.
  [3] Appah E and Ebiringa, O.T, “Petroleum Profit Tax and Economic Growth in Nigeria”, International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research Volume 1, Issue 9, 2012.
  [4] Azaiki and Shagari, “Oil, Gas and Life in Nigeria”, Ibadan, Y–Books, a Division of Associated Book – Makers Nigeria Limited, 2007.
  [5] Ogbonna, G. N & Appah, E, “Impact of Petroleum Revenue on the Economy of Nigeria”, Current Research Journal of Economic Theory, vol. 4, no.2, p.11-17, 2012.
  [6] Saheed, Z. S, “Impact of Petroleum Tax on Economic Growth in Nigeria”, International Journal of Education And Research, Vol. 2 No. 11, 2014.
  [7] Jibrin, S. M., Ejura, B. & Ifurueze, M. S, “Impact of petroleum profits tax on economic growth development in Nigeria”, British Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences, 5 (2), 60-70, 2012.
  [8] Onaolapo A., Fasina H., & Adegbite T, “The Analysis of the Effect of Petroleum Tax on Nigerian Economy”, Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (AJTHSS) vol. 1, No: 1, 2013.
  [9] Ilaboya, O. J. &Ofiafor, E, “Petroleum Profit Tax and Economic Growth in Nigeria”, “British Journal of Business And Management Research” Vol.1, No.2, Pp.55-67, 2014.
  [10] Lyndon, M. E, “Petroleum Profit Tax and Nigeria Economic Growth”, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, Vol.7, No.12, 2016
  [11] Afuberoh, D. and Okoye, E, “The Impact of taxation on revenue generation: A study of Federal Capital Territory and selected States in Nigeria”, International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2014.
  [12] Abdul-Rahamoh, F.H., Taiwo&Adejare, A.T, “Analysis of the Effect of Petroleum Tax on Nigeria Economy”, Asia Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(1),1-12, 2013.
  [13] Worlu, C.N. and Emeka,N, “Tax revenue and economic development in Nigeria: A macro econometric approach”, Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 1(2): 211-223, 2012.
  [14] Success, M. et-al, “Impact of Petroleum Profit Tax on Economic Development of Nigeria”, British Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Sciences, Vol. 5 (2), 2012.
  [15] Olatunji, T.E. &Adegbite, T. A, “Effect of petroleum profit tax interest Rate and Money Supply on Nigeria Economy Global Journals of Commerce and Management Perspective”G.J.C.M.P., Vol.3 (3):81-87, 2014.
  [16] Ogbonna G. N., & Appah E, “Petroleum Profit Tax and Economic Growth: Co-Integration Evidence”, Asian Journal of Business Management, Vol. 4, No: 3, 2012.

  Citation
  Muhammad Usman, Aliyu Abba, Bishir Balarabe, Ashiru Halilu, "The Impact of Petroleum Profit Tax on the Nigerian Economy," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.30-36, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Base-Station Transmission Microwave Radiation Effect on Agriculture: Case Study of Moor Plantation Teaching & Research Farm, Nigeria

  I.O. Adewumi

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.37-42, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  Microwave radio frequency radiation has been proved by many researchers and the World Health Organization (WHO) that it is dangerous to human being as it leads to various health related diseases. There is need for Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineers to investigate the effect of electromagnetic force (EMF) radiation on plants around the telecommunication masts, which usually consists of outdoor microwave radio equipments. This examination focuses majorly on two telecommunication sites radiation on plants located inside the premises of Federal College of Agriculture, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria Teaching and Research Farm. Electromagnetic Force Analyser (Digital 3-axis EMF ELF RF Electromagnetic Wave Field Strenght Radiation Microwave Taiwan Meter) were used on the two telecom mast, where the measurement was taken for each of the mast between 0 and 550 meters in every 5 minutes for an hour. Measuring tape, EMF meter, computer system, GDHS Data-Science Software and stop watch were also used as materials for this study with two telecommunication base station. The base station antenna was mounted around the College Demonstration Farm (Site 1) and Cocoa Research Farm (Site 2). The cell tower transmits in the frequency range of 869 – 894 MHz (CDMA), 935 - 960 MHz (GSM900) and 1805 - 1880 MHz (GSM1800). The study was conducted within the period of 7am to 8am (morning), 1pm-2pm (afternoon), and 7pm to 8pm (night). Regression predictions through GMDH Data-Science was employed to determine the variation around the mean of the dependent variable while the regression line was centered on the data point. These data will be quantified to know how close the predictions are to the observed values. Measured power densities were reported with a median distance of 325 meters, which is the range of teaching and demonstration farm of the college. The lowest value for power density was at a distance of 550 meters in the morning, afternoon and evening from both sites with 90, 245, 101, 98, 261 and 93 (μW/m2) respectively. The effect of the radiation to the plant is negligible or minimal based on the International Standard recommendation. Farmers are advised to leave at least 500 meters away from the telecommunication masts before they will embark on the crop or animal production to avoid significant effects of microwave radiation on the plant and animal.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Base Station Transmission, Radiation, Agriculture, Teaching and Research farm

  References
  [1] Akintonwa A, Busari A.A, Awodele O, and Olayemi S.O (2008): The Hazards of Non-Ionizing Radiation of Telecommunication Mast in an Urban Area of Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 12(1):31.
  [2] Alfonso, B (2009): Electromagnetic Pollution from Phone Masts. Effects on Wildlife. Pathophysiology Journal of Elsevier, 5(9):3
  [3] Ayinmode, B. O. and Farai, I. P. 2013. Study of variations of radiofrequency power density from mobile phone base stations with distance. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry, 156 (4), 424-428.
  [4] All Africa (2012, April 19). Dangers of mobile phone antennas in Nigeria. Editorial. All Africa, April 19, 2012, Available at http://mieuxprevenir.blogspot.com/2012/04/nigeriadangers-of-mobilephone.html [Accessed, 8/18/2014.]
  [5] Bolaji, O. A. and Idowu, P. F. (2012): Risks Associated with Low Level Radiofrequency Exposure at Close Proximities to Mobile Phone Base Stations. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology 13(2):5. http://www.akamaiuniversity.us/PJST.html accessed on 22/09/2014.
  [6] Fawole W. I. and Adekanye O. O. 2016. Estimation of Radiofrequency Power Density around GSM Base Stations in Some Selected Parts of Lagos State. Advances in Physics Theories and Applications www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-719X (Paper) ISSN 2225-0638 (Online) Vol.53. 49 http://www.iiste.org/ Journals/index.php/APTA/article/view File/29556/30348
  [7] Hutter, H-P; H Moshammer, P Wallner, M Kundi (2006). "Subjective symptoms, sleeping problems, and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations". Occupational and Environmental Medicine (London, UK: the BMJ Publishing Group) 63 (5): 307–313.
  [8] Husain M.A, Gwary M.S, Yusuf I.D and Yusuf M.I (2017): Perception of Effects of GSM Infrasture on Human Health in Gombe, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology. ISSN 2319-2399, 11(7): 44-45.
  [9] Ioan E.M and Claudiu P (2016): Assessment of GSM HF-Radiation Impact Levels within the residential Area of Craiova City. Proceedings of International Conference on Environment at a Crossroads: SMART Approaches for a Sustainable Future. Procedia Environmental Sciences 32: 177-178.
  [10] Mahanagar D.B and Jawahar L.N.M (2014): Effects of Electronmagnetic Field Radiation From Mobile Towers and Handsets. Information Paper of Telecom Regulatory Authorithy of India, 01/2014-QoS: 6
  [11] Omole, K. A. (2006): Assessment of Telecommunications Base Stations in Eti-Osa being a B.Sc. Dissertation Submitted to Urban and Regional Planning Department, University of Lagos.
  [12] Salford L.G., A.E. Brun, J.L. Eberhardt, L. Malmgren, B.R. Persson (2003): Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones, Environ. Health Perspect. 111:881–882.
  [13] Shalangwa D.A (2010): Measurement of Exposure of Radio Frequency (RF) Radiation from Global System for Mobile Telecommunication (GSM) Masts. Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2(3):76
  [14] Thomas H, Uwe M, and Peter S (2007). Non stop pulsed radiation inside home. 2nd International workshop on Biological effects of electromagnetic fields :775 780.

  Citation
  I.O. Adewumi, "Base-Station Transmission Microwave Radiation Effect on Agriculture: Case Study of Moor Plantation Teaching & Research Farm, Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.37-42, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Granulometric Analysis Indices As Signatures of The Depositional Environment of The Bima (I) Formation At Wuyo Area, Part of Gongola Sub-Basin, Upper Benue Trough, Northeastern Nigeria

  I.M. Mustapha, A.S. Sa’ad, H. Muhyideen, T.M. Abubakar

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.43-51, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  The Benue Trough is a major NE-SW trending rift basin of 50-150km width. It extends for over 1000km, starting from the northern margin of the Chad Basin in the north. The trough is a sedimentary basin of up to 6000m of Cretaceous to Tertiary sediments associated with volcanic rocks. It is geographically sub-divided into lower, middle and upper portions. The textural parameters computed from granulometric analysis of the Bima (I) i.e. graphical mean size, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis yielded values ranging from 0.10 Ф -1.20 Ф, 0.624 Φ to 1.29 Φ, 0.073Ф - 0.666 Ф and 1.08 Φ - 1.55 Φ respectively. The granulometric analysis indicated that the Bima (I) is dominantly moderately sorted and are mostly positively skewed. The bivariate plots of mean versus first percentile, standard deviation versus first percentile and mean versus standard deviation of the representative samples of the Bima (I) at the Wuyo area showed mainly fluvial environments. The probability curve plots all showed two sand population which is indicative of fluvial environment of deposition. The study is significant in providing evidence for the fluvial (braided stream) origin of the Bima (I) Formation.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Benue Trough, Bima (I) Formation, Granulometric analysis, Bivariate plots, Fluvial origin

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  Citation
  I.M. Mustapha, A.S. Sa’ad, H. Muhyideen, T.M. Abubakar, "Granulometric Analysis Indices As Signatures of The Depositional Environment of The Bima (I) Formation At Wuyo Area, Part of Gongola Sub-Basin, Upper Benue Trough, Northeastern Nigeria," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.43-51, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Identifying Conflict driven Displaced Communities: A Study of Kashmir Region

  T. Maqbool

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.52-55, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  Through the twentieth century, there has been a significant growth in the frequency of armed conflicts across the globe and India is no exception to it. These conflicts have not only led to widespread death but extensive displacement, fear, and economic devastation. The most affected of these conflicts are those who get dislocated from their native places under unbearable violent conditions. In the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, the armed struggle of 1989 forced most of the Pandit families to leave the Valley for the safety of their lives. But the displacement was not confined to the Pandit community alone, there were other communities too who got displaced due to the conflict in the region. In this regard, the paper aims to examine the different communities displaced due to the armed conflict in Kashmir valley and the impact on their lives. The paper is based on secondary sources of data and the results of the paper describe that not only Pandits have got displaced in Jammu and Kashmir, but there are other communities in the state which got affected by the conflict and remained out of the discussion at local, national and international levels. The paper aims to explore those unvoiced communities.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Partition, Conflict, Displacement, Communities, Kashmir, exodus

  References
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  Citation
  T. Maqbool, "Identifying Conflict driven Displaced Communities: A Study of Kashmir Region," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.52-55, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Spatial and Temporal Variability in Temperature and Rainfall over Mecha area, Ethiopia

  Z. Meseret, S. Belay

  Research Paper | Journal-Paper (IJSRMS)

  Vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp.56-65, Dec-2019

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  Abstract
  Variability of temperature and rainfall and climatic hazards like droughts, floods, and windstorms affect agricultural activities. In the study area, the main livelihood of the people depends on rain-fed agriculture that would be affecting by the variation of rainfall and temperature. The study aims to analyze the recent spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature at seasonal and annual timescales over Mecha area where detail analysis of the two climate indicators does not exist, to inform development planners and improve the effectiveness of agricultural activities. In this study, we analyzed gridded monthly temperature and rainfall data from 1983 to 2014. The data were constructed to 154 points at a 10×10 km resolution and input into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to model the spatial relationship of rainfall and temperature. Linear regression, standardized anomalies used to analyze temporal variation. Findings reveal that annual minimum and maximum temperature significantly increased at a rate of 0.11OC and 0.08OC per decade respectively. Seasonal warming trends for maximum temperature were significant in the winter and spring seasons (p = 0.05) whereas (p = 0.01) in winter and autumn for minimum temperature. Adjusted R-square values of the OLS method resulted in spatial relationships for annual rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature are 0.41, 0.44 and 0.68 respectively. The mean annual and seasonal rainfall distribution shows statistically non-significant increasing trends. These results call a need to develop local level and context-specific climate change adaptation strategies.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  trend, spatial variability, temporal variability, climate factors

  References
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  [27] D. Mengistu, W.Bewket, R. Lal, “Recent spatiotemporal temperature and rainfall variability and trends over the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia”. International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 34, No.7, pp. 2278-2292, 2014.
  [28] A. Alemayehu, W. Bewket, “Local spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in the central highlands of Ethiopia”, Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, Vol. 99 No.2, pp. 85-101, 2017.
  [29] D.Conway, C. Mould, W. Bewket, “Over one century of rainfall and temperature observations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia”, International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 77-91, 2004.
  [30] D. Mengistu, W.Bewket, R. Lal, “Recent spatiotemporal temperature and rainfall variability and trends over the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia”. International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 34, No.7, pp. 2278-2292, 2014.
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  [37] M. Taye, F. Zewdu, “Spatio-temporal variability and trend of rainfall and temperature in Western Amhara, Ethiopia: a GIS approach”, Glo Adv Res J Geogr Reg Plann. Vol. 1, No.4, pp.65–82, 2012.
  [38] G. Tesso, B. Emana, M. Ketema, “A time series analysis of climate variability and its impacts on food production in North Shewa zone in Ethiopia”, African Crop Science Journal, Vol. 20, No.2, 261-274, 2012.
  [39] D. Mengistu, W.Bewket, R. Lal, “Recent spatiotemporal temperature and rainfall variability and trends over the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia”. International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 34, No.7, pp. 2278-2292, 2014.
  [40] D. Conway, C. Mould, W. Bewket, “Over one century of rainfall and temperature observations in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia”, International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 77-91, 2004.
  [41] D. Mengistu, W.Bewket, R. Lal, “Recent spatiotemporal temperature and rainfall variability and trends over the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia”. International Journal of Climatology, Vol. 34, No.7, pp. 2278-2292, 2014.
  [42] A. Alemayehu, W. Bewket, “Local spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in the central highlands of Ethiopia”, Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, Vol. 99 No.2, pp. 85-101, 2017.
  [43] G. Eshetu, T. Johansson, W. Garedew, “Rainfall trend and variability analysis in Setema-Gatira area of Jimma, Southwestern Ethiopia”, African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol.11, No 32, pp. 3037-3045, 2016.
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  Citation
  Z. Meseret, S. Belay, "Spatial and Temporal Variability in Temperature and Rainfall over Mecha area, Ethiopia," International Journal of Scientific Research in Multidisciplinary Studies , Vol.5, Issue.12, pp.56-65, 2019