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• Open Access   Article

  Influence of Substrate Temperature on Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of Nanostructured SnO2 thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Technique

  V. Harshavardhan, R. Jeevan Kumar, P. Nagaraju, Y. Vijayakuma

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.1-6, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v7i2.16

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  SnO2 nanostructured thin films were deposited on ultrasonically cleaned glass substrates at different substrate temperatures using the spray pyrolysis technique. The influence of substrate temperature on structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of thin films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX), two probe method and UV-Vis spectroscopy respectively. It was found that the deposited thin films were showing a tetragonal structure with a preferred orientation along (200) direction. Scanning electron microscopy results have shown that the substrate temperature influenced the growth mechanism of the SnO2 thin films. Optical properties of thin films were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Optical band gap values were determined using Tauc extrapolation at different substrate temperatures. As the substrate temperature increased from 350oC to 450oC, optical band gap was found to increase from 3.14 eV to 3.67 eV. The figure of merit has been calculated from transmission spectra and the electrical properties are analysed and discussed.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  SnO2,, Spraypyrolysis, XRD, Opticalpraperties

  References
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  Citation
  V. Harshavardhan, R. Jeevan Kumar, P. Nagaraju, Y. Vijayakuma, "Influence of Substrate Temperature on Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of Nanostructured SnO2 thin Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Technique," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.1-6, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Avoiding infinity in Quantum field theory without use of renormalization

  Biswaranjan Dikshit

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.7-11, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v7i2.711

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  Abstract
  In quantum field theory (QFT), it is well known that when Feynman diagrams containing loops are evaluated to account for self-interactions, probability amplitude comes out to be infinite which is physically not admissible. So, to make the QFT convergent, various renormalization methods are conventionally followed in which an additional (infinite) counter term is postulated which neutralizes the original infinity generated by diagram. The resulting finite values of amplitudes have agreed with experiments with surprising accuracy. However, proponents of renormalization methods acknowledged that this ad-hoc procedure of subtraction of infinity from infinity to reach at a finite value is not at all satisfactory and there is no physical basis for bringing in the counter term. So, it is desirable to establish a method in QFT which does not generate any infinite term, but which predicts same results as conventional methods do. In this paper, we describe such a technique taking self-interaction quantum electrodynamics diagram representing electron or photon self-energy. In our method, no problem of infinity arises and hence renormalization is not necessary. Still, the dependence of calculated probability amplitude on physical variables in our technique comes out to be same as conventional methods. Using similar procedure, we hope, the problem of non-renormalizability of quantum gravity may be solved in future.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Renormalization, Quantum Field Theory, Electron self energy, Vacuum polarization

  References
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  Citation
  Biswaranjan Dikshit, "Avoiding infinity in Quantum field theory without use of renormalization," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.7-11, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Variation of some physical properties of CuInS2 films by substrate temperature

  A. S. Meshram, Y. D. Tembhurkar, O. P. Chimankar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.12-23, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v7i2.1223

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  Abstract
  Spray pyrolysis is one of the most convenient, economical, inexpensive and simple methods for depositing large area semiconducting thin films. Semiconducting ternary CuInS2 thin films have been deposited onto the glass substrate by varying substrate temperature from 2750C, at the interval of 25 to 3500C by using aqueous solution of Cupric chloride, Indium tri-chloride and thiourea of 0.02 M and Seems to be one of the more important parameters affecting the physical properties of the semiconductor. The lattice parameter a and c at room temperature of the tetragonal unit cell were calculated for all these samples by Bruker AXS D8 Advance X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques with Cu Kα (wavelength = 1.5418 Å) radiation.Conductivity of thin films determined by Four Probe method and hot probe technique wasdetermined to exhibit p-type conductivity. Due to temperature effect, shows the atoms are arrange regular in compound of these samples prepared at various temperatures 250, 300 and 3500C. As the films are not doped intentionally defect observed in intrinsic nature operative to be produced by Sulphur interstitials. Grain sizes were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Spray pyrolysis; CuInS2 Ternary Semiconductor; XRD; Four Probe Technique

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  Citation
  A. S. Meshram, Y. D. Tembhurkar, O. P. Chimankar, "Variation of some physical properties of CuInS2 films by substrate temperature," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.12-23, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Synthesis and Characterization of High-Performance Solar Cell

  A. Verma, A.K. Diwakar, R.P. Patel

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.24-26, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v7i2.2426

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  Abstract
  High-performance solar-cell is designed for lead-free perovskite materials, synthesis of using for the organometallic halides. The perovskite materials having a high-efficiency charge carrier and identified low-cost materials based commercial photo-voltaic cell. It is an unusually breakthrough of the drawback of high-efficiency photo-voltaic solar-cell because in this solar-cell replaced harmful lead using various perovskite materials like (Sn2+, Ge2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Pd2+, and Eu2+). We predict the structure and optical properties of perovskite solar-cell based on Ge and Sn solid solutions, CH3NH3Sn(1−x)GexI3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). This material is having the band gaps from 1.3 to 2.0 eV, and it is suitable for an optoelectronic application`s range, from single junction devices and top cells for placement to light-emitting layer. The power efficiency of lead-free perovskite solar-cell (LFPSCs) is more than 27%. Which has ABO3 type orthorhombic crystal structure and successfully examine its structure using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology. In this research, we synthesis successfully lead-free perovskite solar-cell (LFPSCs).

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Perovskite material; Solar-cell; X-ray diffraction (XRD); Halides; Inorganic cation and anion; Methyl-ammonium

  References
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  [4]. Anastasiia Iefanova, Nirmal Adhikari, Ashish Dubey, Devendra Khatiwada, and Qiquan Qiaoa, “Lead free CH3NH3SnI3 perovskite thin-film with p-type semiconducting nature and metal-like conductivity”, AIP Advances, Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2016. DOI: 10.1063/1.4961463.
  [5]. Feng Xu, Ge Li, Taiyang Zhang, Yixin Zhao, “ Mixed Cation Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites with Enhanced Performance and Stability”, J. Mater. Chem. A. 5, January 2017. 10.1039/C7TA00042A.
  [6]. Inyoung Jeong, Jea Woong Jo, Seunghwan Bae, Hae Jung Son, Min Jae Ko, “A fluorinated polythiophene hole-transport material for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells”, Dyes and Pigments, Volume 164, May 2019, Pages 1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.01.002.
  [7]. Chong Liu, Jiandong Fan, Xing Zhang, Yanjiao Shen, Lin Yang, Yaohua Mai, “ Hysteretic Behavior upon Light Soaking in Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared via Modified Vapor-Assisted Solution Process”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7(17), April 2015. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00375.
  [8]. Yu-Ching Huang, Cheng-Si Tsao, Yi-Ju Cho, Kuan-Chen Chen, Kai-Ming Chiang, Sheng-Yi Hsiao, Chang-Wen Chen, Chun-Jen Su, U-Ser Jeng, Hao-Wu Lin, “Insight into Evolution, Processing and Performance of Multi-length-scale Structures in Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells”, Scientific Reports volume 5, Article number: 13657 (2015). DOI: 10.1038/srep13657.
  [9]. Weibo Yan, Zilong Wang, Yuancai Gong, Shigan Guo, Jingjing Jiang, Jianhua Chen, Chengcheng Tang, Ruidong Xia, Wei Huang, Hao Xin, “ Naphthalene-diimide selenophene copolymers as efficient solution-processable electron-transporting material for perovskite solar cells”, Organic Electronics Volume 67, April 2019, Pages 208-214. DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2019.01.040.
  

  Citation
  A. Verma, A.K. Diwakar, R.P. Patel, "Synthesis and Characterization of High-Performance Solar Cell," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.24-26, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  The Dependence of Confinement Energy on the Size of Quantum Dots

  H. I. Ikeri, A. I. Onyia, and O. J. Vwavware

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.27-30, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v7i2.2730

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  Abstract
  Theoretical study of the dependence of confinement energy on the size of Quantum dots (QDs) using quantum mechanical approach is presented. A simple model obtained for confinement energy is generally found to be in good agreement with the predicted inverse quadratic dependence on the dot size. Thus optical and electronic behavior of QDs can be engineered during manufacturing to meet specific applications. It is found that energy levels of the charge carriers within QDs are increased yielding to discrete energy states for electrons and holes. Therefore, QDs can emit and absorb light at specific wavelengths which are related to QD size. The plots for ground state confinement energy as a function of dots radius for CdSe, GaAs and ZnS QDs show monotonous decay curves. Thus as the dot radius increases, the ground state confinement energy decreases exponentially but never reaches zero. Thus, charge carriers in quantum dots possess non-zero minimum energy state in consistence with the infinite potential well. It can be observed that making the dot size large enough the effect of size on confinement energy is very small for different QDs. This is because as QDs grow larger their energy levels move closer and form a near continuum. In addition, among the QDs considered the degree of confinement on the CdSe and GaAs QDs strongly indicates that their optical wavelength can be extended to match the solar spectrum for multi-junction solar cells applications. This improves the solar to electricity conversion efficiency by harvesting multiple portions of solar spectrum.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Nanotechnology, Quantum Dot, Confinement, Confinement Energy, Potential well, Solar cell, and Quantum Mechanics

  References
  [1.] K. E. Aderson, W.E. Picket, “Quantum Confinement in CdSeNanocrystallites”,Journal of Nano-Crystalline Solids, pp. 299-302, 1105-1110 2002.
  [2.] J Sinclair, D. Dagotto, “An Introduction to Quantum Dots: Confinement, Synthesis, Artificial Atoms and Applications”, Solid State II Lecture Notes, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2009.
  [3.] K., Grieve, P., Mulvaney, F., Grieser, “Synthesis and Electronic Properties of Semiconductor and Interface Science”,pp.168- 172, 2000.
  [4.] E. O., Chukwuocha S. Harry, “Theoretical Studies on the Effect of Confinement on the Wavelength of CdSe Quantum Dots. Int. Journal of Science and Technology Research, vol. 1 No. 7, pp.21-24. 20
  [5.] .H, Davies, “The Physics of Low Dimensional Semiconductors;” An introduction (6th reprint ed,) Cambridge University Press. 2006.
  [6.] C. Orion, “Understanding Electronic Systems in Semiconductor Quantum Dots,” PhysicaSripta, Vol. 88, No.5, 2013.
  [7.] L. Brus, “Electron-Electron and Electron-Hole Interactions in small crystallites: the size Dependent of the Lowest Excited Electronic State”, Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 4403, 1984.
  [8.] N.Pandey, A.Dwivedi,“Theoretical study of Dependence of Wavelength on Size of Quantum Dot,”International Journal of Scientific Research and Development vol. 4, issue 01, 2016.
  [9.] M. Wise, “Calculation of Electronics Structure of a Spherical Quantum Dots.” InternationalJournal of Condensed Matter Physics, vol. 3, pp.556-560, 2000.
  [10.] H.I., Ikeri, A.I.,Onyia, “Theoretical Investigation of Size Effect on Energy Gap of Quantum Dots Using Particle in a Box Model”, Chalcogenide Letters, Vol. 14, No.2, pp. 49 – 54, 2017.
  [11.] A.I. Onyia, H. I. Ikeri, “Theoretical Study of Quantum Confinement Effect on Quantum Dots Using Particle in a Box Model,” Journal of Ovonic Research, vol. 14, No.1, pp. 49 – 54, 2018.
  [12.] A. Alivisation, “Semiconductor Cluster, Nanocrystals and Quantum Dots.” Journal of Applied Physics vol. 8, pp.127 – 134, 1996.
  [13.] A. J. Nozik,“Quantum Dot Solar Cells,” Physica E, vol. 14, pp.115-120, 2002.
  [14.] E.O Chukwuocha, M.C. Onyeaju,“Simulation of Quantum Dots in a Confinement Regime”, Int. Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Research, vol. 1 No.6, pp.791. 2012.
  [15.] B. Billaud, T. Troung, “Some Theoretical Result in Semiconductor Spherical Quantum Dots.”Computational Material Science, vol. 49, pp.332-335, 2010.
  

  Citation
  H. I. Ikeri, A. I. Onyia, and O. J. Vwavware, "The Dependence of Confinement Energy on the Size of Quantum Dots," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.27-30, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Growth and Characterization of Bio-semiorganic (Ficus religiosa Chlorophyll-a) Doped Potassium Dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) Crystal

  S. Senthilkumar, C. Ramachandra Raja, R. Manimekalai

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.31-37, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v7i2.3137

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  Abstract
  In present investigation, Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) doped with Bio-semiorganic (Ficus religiosa Chlorophyll-a) novel crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution growth method. The presence of different functional groups has been analyzed by FT-IR spectral analysis. The cell parameters of the KDP doped with Ficus religiosa Leaves Chlorophyll-a crystal was determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. UV-vis-NIR transmission spectra recorded for the grown crystals reveal the optical transparency and optical quality, energy gap, refractive index and reflectance. Using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), the presence of the elemental composition with weight percentage has been calculated. The Vicker’s microhardness studies of doped crystals have been carried out at different loads. Further, the Vicker`s microhardness as well as parameters such as yield strength (σV), fracture toughness (Kc), brittleness index (B) are presented. The spectral and luminescent properties of Chlorophyll-a Doped Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) Crystal were analyzed.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  FTIR, UV-Vis-Spectra, Hardness, Single crystal–XRD, E-DAX, Photoluminosence

  References
  [1] A.Yokotani, T. Sasaki, K. Yoshida, T. Yamanaka, C. Yamanaka,“Improvement of the bulk laser damage threshold of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals by ultraviolet irradiation”, Applied Physics Letters. Vol.48, Issue.16, PP. 1030-1032 ,1986.
  [2] N. Zaitseva, L. Carman, “Rapid growth of KDP-type crystals”, Progress in Crystal Growth, Characterization of Materials, Vol.43, Issue.1, PP. 1–118, 2001.
  [3] N.P. Zaitseva, J.J. De Yoreo, M.R. Dehaven, R.L. Vital, K.E.
  Montgomery, M. Richardson, L.J. Atherton, “Rapid growth of large-scale (40–55 cm) KH2PO4crystals”, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.180, Issue.2, PP.255–262,1997.
  [4] I. Pritula, A. Kosinova, M. Kolybayeva, V. Puzikov, S. Bondarenko, V. Tkachenko, V. Tsurikov, O. Fesenko, “Optical, structural and microhardnessproperties of KDP crystals grown from urea-doped solutions”,Material Research Bulletin, Vol.43, PP. 2778–2789, 2008.
  [5] A.E. Voloshin, S.S. Baskakova, E.B. Rudneva, “ Study of the defect formation in KDP crystals grown under extremely high supersaturation”, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.457 ,PP.337–342, 2017.
  [6] L.J.Chen Jianzhong, LinSukun,YangFengtu,WangJiahe, “Effect Of alcoholic additives on the nucleation of KDP and DKDP crystals”, Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.179, Issue .1-2, PP. 226–230,1997.
  [7] Guohui Li, Xue Liping, Genbo Su, Xinxin Zhuang, Zhengdong Li, Youping He, “Study on the growth and characterization of KDP-type crystals”,Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.274, PP. 555–562,2005.
  [8] Lieut. Col. Warner F. Bowers Medical Corps, Army Of The United States“Chlorophyll In Wound Healing And Suppurative Disease’’. Vol.73, Issue 1, PP.37-50, 1947
  [9] Mario G. Ferruzzia, Joshua Blakesleeb “Digestion, absorption, and cancer preventative activity of dietary chlorophyll derivatives” Nutrition Research ,Vol.27, Issue.1,.PP.1 – 12, 2007.
  [10] Durga DM and Banu N: “ Study of Antioxidant Activity of Chlorophyll From Some Medicinal Plants, Paripex”-Indian Journal of Research Vol.2 , Issue.4, PP. 2250-1991, 2015.
  [11] Anittha1 , L. Mullainathan. “Chlorophyll and Morphological Mutations Induced by Chemical Mutagens EMS, DES in (Setaria italica(L.)Beauv.)Var .CO(Te)7 in M2 Generation”. International Journal of Scientific Research in biological sciences, Vol.5, Issue.6, PP.61-65, 2018.
  [12] R.R.Saravanan, S.Seshadri, M.Murugan and V.Manivannan, “Structural,Optical properties and effect of amino acid on growth of KDP crystals”Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, Vol.51, Issue.4, PP.254-259, 2013.
  [13] R.Kayalvizhi and G.Meenakshi, “Growth and Characterization of Pure and Neem Leaves Extract Doped Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate(KDP) Crystal” International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, Vol.3,Issue 2,PP.2278-3075, 2013.
  [14] T.C. Sabari Girisun, S. Dhanuskodi, “Linear and nonlinear optical properties of tris thiourea zinc sulphate single crystal” Crystal Research and Technology.Vol.44, Issue.12, PP.1297-1302, 2009.
  [15] Mohd Anis , M.D.Shirsat , GajananMuley , S.S.Hussaini, “ Influence of formic acid on electrical, linear and nonlinear optical properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KDP) crystals” journal of Physica B,condensed matter Vol.449,PP.61-66,2014.
  [16] S. Nirmala Sri Devi, E.K. Girija , “A comparative study on the effect of l-tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate on the growth and characterization of KDP single crystals”.Optik Vol.164 PP.498–509,2018.
  [17] S. Sasi, R. Robert, S. Arumugam, C. Inmozhi “ Growth, optical and spectroscopic studies of l- crystalline doped KDPsingle crystals” Optik (2015).
  [18] N.P.Rajesh,V.Kannan, P.S.Raghavan, P.Ramasamy, C.W. LAN, “Optical and Microhardness studies of KDP crystals grown from aqueous solutions with organic additives”, Material Letters Vol.52 Issue.4-5,PP.326–328, 2002.
  [19] Z. Delci, D. Shyamala, S. Karuna, A. Senthil, and A.Thayumanavan of “Optical, Thermal and Hardness in KDP crystals by Boron Doping” International Journal of ChemTech Research Vol.4, No.2, PP.816-826,2012.
  

  Citation
  S. Senthilkumar, C. Ramachandra Raja, R. Manimekalai, "Growth and Characterization of Bio-semiorganic (Ficus religiosa Chlorophyll-a) Doped Potassium Dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) Crystal," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.31-37, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Estimation of ground and excited state dipole moments of newly synthesized coumarin molecule by Solvatochromic shift method and Gaussian software

  G.B. Mathapati, P.K. Ingalagondi, Omnath Patil, Shivaleela B, Shivaraj Gounalli, S.M. Hanagodimat

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.38-43, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v7i2.3843

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  Abstract
  Absorption and fluorescence spectra of newly synthesized coumarin molecule namely 4-((3-methoxyphenoxy)methyl)-7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one [3-MPHC] have been recorded at room temperature (300 K) in solvents of different polarities. The effects of solvents on the spectral properties are discussed. Using Lippert’s, Bakshiev’s and Kawski-Chamma-Viallet’s equations the ground (µg) and excited state (µe) dipole moments were estimated. Variation of Stokes shift with the solvent dielectric constant along with refractive index was made use of to estimate dipole moments. Density Functional Theory (DFT) was studied using Gaussian software 16. It was observed that excited state dipole moment was higher than the ground state dipole moment. Further we have analyzed microscopic solvent polarity parameter.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Coumarin, Dipole moment, Gaussian Software, Stokes shift, Microscopic solvent polarity parameter

  References
  [1] S. C. Sati, B. S. Rawat, Nitin Sati, O. P. Sati and G. C. Joshi, International Journal of Chemistry and Applications, Pp.1-9, 2011.
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  [3] Saptarshi Ghosh, Nayan Roy, T. Sanjoy Singh, Nitin Chattopadhyay, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, pp. 252, 2018.
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  [8] J. Thipperudrappa, D. S. Biradar, S. R. Manohara, S. M. Hanagodimath, S. R. Inamdar, R. J. Manekutla, Spectrochim. Act. A, Volume 69, pp. 991, 2008.
  [9] R. Ghazy, S. A. Azim, M. Shaheen, F. E. Mekawey, Spectrochim. Act. A, Volume 60, pp.187, 2004.
  [10] M. Basanagouda, V. B. Jambagi, N. N. Barigidad, S. S. Laxmeshwar, V. Devaru, Narayanachar, European Journal of Medical Chemistry. Volume 74, pp. 225, 2014..
  [11] E. Lippert, Z. Naturforsch. 10A, pp. 541, 1955.
  [12] N. G. Bakhshiev, Optic Spectroscopy, (USSR) Volume 16, pp. 821, 1964. .
  [13] L. Bilot, A. Kawski, Z. Naturforsch. 17A, pp. 621, 1962;
  18A, pp. 10 and 256, 1963.
  [14] A. Chamma and P. Viallet, Chemical Research Academy of. Science, Paris Ser. C, Volume 270, pp. 1901, 1970.
  [15] J. T. Edward, Molecular Volumes and Parachor. Chem. Ind, London, pp. 774 (1956).
  [16] A. Kawski, Chemical Physics Letters Volume 463, pp. 410, 2008.
  [17] C. Reichardt, Chemical Review, Volume 94, pp. 2319, 1994.
  [18] M. Ravi, T. Soujanya, A. Samanta, T. P. Radhakrishnan, Journal of Chemical Society, Faraday Trans. Volume 91, pp. 2739, 1995.
  [19] J. Kabatc, B. Ośmiałowski and J. Pączkowski, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, Volume 63, pp. 524, 2006.
  [20] A. K. Kalita, S. Karmakar, Study of blue shift in Iron (Fe) doped ZnO Nanoparticles at different Molarities by Wet Chemical Method, International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Science, Volume 7, Issue 1, pp. 80-82, Feb.2019.
  

  Citation
  G.B. Mathapati, P.K. Ingalagondi, Omnath Patil, Shivaleela B, Shivaraj Gounalli, S.M. Hanagodimat , "Estimation of ground and excited state dipole moments of newly synthesized coumarin molecule by Solvatochromic shift method and Gaussian software," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.38-43, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Study on Radon Concentration in ground water and Physicochemical parameters of Tumkur industrial areas, Karnataka State, India

  S.R. Nagabhushana, Srinivasa E, Suresh S, Sannappa J

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.44-54, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v7i2.4454

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  Abstract
  The concentration of radon in the ground water around Tumkur industrial areas namely Hirehalli, Antharasanahalli, Satyamangala, and Vasanthanarasapura were measured by emanometry technique. The activity of primordial radionuclides such as Radium (226Ra), Thorium (232Th) and Potassium (40K) in different rock samples of the study area were estimated by HPGe detector based on gamma ray spectrometry. Standard methods have been applied to estimate the physicochemical parameters of the samples. The average value of radon concentration varies from 5.61 Bql-1 to 160.50 Bql-1 with an average value of 75.40 Bql-1. The total effective dose received by workers and publics due to radon inhalation and ingestion varies from 15.32 µSvy-1to 438.20 µSvy-1 with an average value of 205.84 µSvy-1.The average value of primordial radio nuclides such as 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the rock samples of the study area varies from 20±1.5 to 150±3 Bqkg-1, 25±0.4 to 200±2.5 Bqkg-1 and 450±4 to 1800±15 Bqkg-1 respectively and their corresponding mean values are 65.6±1.3 Bqkg-1, 81.8±1.5 Bqkg-1, and 854.2±12 Bqkg-1 respectively. These values are comparable with global average. The average values of Physico chemical parameter are within the safe level as prescribed by USEPA and WHO. The results shows noteworthy correlation cannot be observed between concentration of radon and physicochemical parameters in water samples in the study area. The radon concentration in ground water mainly depends on the type of aquifers and its mineral compositions.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Radon concentration; activity of primordial nuclides; types of aquifers; physicochemical parameters; Total dose.

  References
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  [3]. Buddemeier, R. W., & Hunt, J. R. (1988). Transport of colloidal contaminants in groundwater: radionuclide migration at the Nevada Test Site. Applied geochemistry, 3(5), 535-548.
  [4]. Iyengar, M. A. R. (1990). The natural distribution of radium. The environmental behavior of radium, 1, 59-128.
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  [7]. BEIR, VII (2005). Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. The National Academies report in brief.
  [8]. International Agency for Research on Cancer. (2001). Ionizing Radiation: Some Internally Deposited Radionuclides. International Agency for Research on Cancer.
  [9]. Lubin, J. H., Boice Jr, J. D., Edling, C., Hornung, R. W., Howe, G. R., Kunz, E., ... &Tirmarche, M. (1995). Lung cancer in radon-exposed miners and estimation of risk from indoor exposure. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 87(11), 817-827.
  [10]. USEPA (1991). National primary drinking water regulations; radionuclides: proposed rule. U.S. Government Printing Office (1991) United States Environmental Protection Agency.
  [11]. WHO (2008). Guidelines for Drinking-water: incorporating 1st and 2nd addenda,Vol. 1, Recommendations. World Health Organization, 2008.
  [12]. Raghavayya, M., Iyengar, M., &Markose, P. M. (1980). Estimation of Ra-226 by emanometry. Bulletin of Radiation Protection, 3, 5.
  [13]. Srinivasa E, Rangaswamy D, Suresh S, Nagabhushana, S R, Sannappa J, &Umehsareddy, (2018). Measurement of radon concentration in drinking water and estimation of radiation dose to the publics of Hassan city, Karnataka, India. Radiation Protection and Environment vol 41, issue 3, p132-135
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  [17]. Singh, S., Rani, A., & Mahajan, R. K. (2005). 226Ra, 232Th and 40K analysis in soil samples from some areas of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, India using gamma ray spectrometry. Radiation measurements, 39(4), 431-439.
  [18]. Ramola, R. C., Gusain, G. S., Badoni, M., Prasad, Y., Prasad, G., & Ramachandran, T. V. (2008). 226Ra, 232Th and 40K contents in soil samples from Garhwal Himalaya, India, and its radiological implications. Journal of Radiological Protection, 28(3), 379.
  [19]. Sannappa, J., Ningappa, C., &Narasimha, K. N. (2010). Natural radioactivity levels in granite regions of Karnataka State.
  [20]. Ningappa C., Sannappa J &Karunakara N (2008). Study on radionuclides in granite quarries of Bangalore rural district, Karnataka, India. Radiation protection dosimetry. 131(4): 495–502.
  [21]. Nagabhushana, S. R., Sannappa, J., Rangaswamy, D. R., & Srinivasa, E. (2018). Study on Radon and Thoron Levels in and Around Different Industries of Tumkur and Bangalore Districts. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(10), 22712-22717.
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  Citation
  S.R. Nagabhushana, Srinivasa E, Suresh S, Sannappa J, "Study on Radon Concentration in ground water and Physicochemical parameters of Tumkur industrial areas, Karnataka State, India," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.44-54, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  High Electrical Conductivity, Thermal Stability and Gas Sensing Studies on Silver-Polyaniline Nanocomposite

  Sanjib Baglari and D. Sarkar

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.55-61, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v7i2.5561

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  Abstract
  This paper reports the synthesis of Polyaniline-Silver (Pani/Ag) nanocomposites by an in-situ chemical polymerization method using ammonium persulphate (APS) as an oxidizing agent. The prepared Pani/Ag nanocomposite were characterized by XRD, EDAX, FESEM, TEM, TGA, UV-vis spectroscopy. The XRD patterns indicated that the crystalline phase of Ag is cubic with average crystallite size of 26 nm. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis indicated that the Ag nanoparticles have some effect on the Pani matrix. The TGA result showed that thermal stability of the nanocomposite was increased after incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. Pani/Ag nanocomposite showed superior DC conductivity when compared to pure Pani. The Pani/Ag nanocomposite also showed excellent chloroform sensing behaviour than pure Pani, which might be due to increase in the surface area of Pani in the presence of Ag nanoparticles.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Polyaniline, Nanocomposite, DC Conductivity, Gas Sensing, Thermal Stability, UV Vis

  References
  [1]. Gordana, Ćirić-Marjanović, “Recent advances in polyaniline composites with metals, metalloids and nonmetals”, Synthetic Metals, Vol 170, pp. 31– 56, 2013.
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  Citation
  Sanjib Baglari and D. Sarkar, "High Electrical Conductivity, Thermal Stability and Gas Sensing Studies on Silver-Polyaniline Nanocomposite," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.55-61, 2019

• Open Access   Article

  Spectroscopic Studies on PVA-Chitosan Blend with Potassium Nitrate as Ionic Crosslinker for Biomedical Application

  Firdos Jahan, R.D. Mathad

  Research Paper | Isroset-Journal (IJSRPAS)

  Vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp.62-65, Apr-2019

  CrossRef-DOI:   https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrpas/v7i2.6265

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  Citation

  Abstract
  The present research aimed to study the energy band gaps of Chitosan (CS) -Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) blend films crosslinked with Potassium nitrate (KNO3). The morphology of the film surface and blending were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The UV-visible spectroscopic studies were done by Parking Elmer UV/Vis Spectrometer Lamda-35. The increase in the absorption intensity and decrease in the optical band gap may be due to a larger absorption increment associated with the charge transfer transition and a similarly Optical conductivity of samples increases due to the decrease in optical band gap and hence promises to be a good material for the biomedical and battery applications.

  Key-Words / Index Term
  Chitosan-Polyvinyl Alcohol blend, Potassium nitrate, absorption maxima, direct and indirect energy band gap

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  Citation
  Firdos Jahan, R.D. Mathad, "Spectroscopic Studies on PVA-Chitosan Blend with Potassium Nitrate as Ionic Crosslinker for Biomedical Application," International Journal of Scientific Research in Physics and Applied Sciences, Vol.7, Issue.2, pp.62-65, 2019